Widespread strombolian eruptions of mid-ocean ridge basalt

Clague, David A.; Paduan, J. B.; Davis, Alicé S.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.08.007

Cited by 110 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…volatile content (e.g., Helo et al, 2011) that produces small explosive deposits (e.g., Sohn et al, 2008;Clague et al, 2009 (Sinton and Detrick, 1992;Perfit and Chadwick, 1998;Singh et al, 1998). Lenticular magma bodies are persistent in time and are spatially more continuous at faster spreading rates (e.g., Harding et al, 1993;Canales et al, 2006;Carbotte et al, 2012, in this issue), whereas at slow spreading rates, such chambers are rarely detected and are assumed to be ephemeral and laterally restricted (e.g., Singh et al, 2006).…”

Section: This Issue)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Rubin¹,

Soule²,

Chadwick³

et al. 2012

oceanog

109

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Studies of ongoing or recent deep submarine eruptions reveal information about their sizes, durations, frequencies, styles, and environmental impacts. Ultimately, magma formation and accumulation in the upper mantle and crust, plus local tectonic stress fields, dictate when, where, and how often submarine eruptions occur, whereas eruption depth, magma composition, conditions of volatile segregation, and tectonic setting determine submarine eruption style.

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Section: This Issue)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Rubin¹,

Soule²,

Chadwick³

et al. 2012

oceanog

109

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“…External water is thought to be unable to drive explosive eruptions, especially at these depths due to the lack of boiling. However explosive volcanic deposits have been documented at similarly deep oceanic spreading centers [Clague et al, 2003[Clague et al, , 2009 and mechanisms for submarine explosive eruptions have been evaluated in a variety of arc, near-arc, and ocean island settings [Wright, 1994;Clague et al, 2000Clague et al, , 2003Clague et al, , 2009Chadwick et al, 2008;Schipper et al, 2010;Deardorff et al, 2011;Helo, et al, 2011;Resing et al, 2011]. Our dive imagery demonstrates that the seafloor in this area is covered by small lava flows and volcaniclastic deposits within the large high-backscatter region [Edwards et al, 2003].…”

Section: Gakkel Ridge 85°e Segmentmentioning

confidence: 86%

Deep explosive volcanism on the Gakkel Ridge and seismological constraints on shallow recharge at TAG active mound

Pontbriand¹

2013

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Seafloor digital imagery and bathymetric data are used to evaluate the volcanic characteristics of the 85°E segment of the ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge (9 mm yr -1 ). Imagery reveals that ridges and volcanic cones in the axial valley are covered by numerous, small-volume lava flows, including a few flows fresh enough to have potentially erupted during the 1999 seismic swarm at the site. The morphology and distribution of volcaniclastic deposits observed on the seafloor at depths of ~3800 m, greater than the critical point for steam generation, are consistent with having formed by explosive discharge of magma and CO 2 from source vents.Microearthquakes recorded on a 200 m aperture seismometer network deployed on the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse active mound, a seafloor massive sulfide on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 26°N, are used to image subsurface processes at the hydrothermal system. Over nine-months, 32,078 local microearthquakes (M L = -1) with single-phase arrivals cluster on the southwest flank of the deposit at depths <125 m. Microearthquakes characteristics are consistent with reaction-driven cracking driven by anhydrite deposition in the shallow secondary circulation system. Exit fluid temperatures recorded at diffuse vents on the mound during the microearthquake study are used to explore linkages between seismicity and venting. AcknowledgmentsI owe my deepest gratitude to my advisers, Rob Sohn and Adam Soule, for their invaluable guidance, continual patience and support throughout the course of my graduate work. They contributed enormous energy and enthusiasm to my research and taught me how to question, pursue knowledge, and take chances. I would like to express great appreciation to all the members of my thesis committee for their insights during the preparation of this thesis: Andy Solow, Jeff McGuire, Nafi Toksöz, and Meg Tivey. I would especially like to thank Andy Solow for guidance on statistical methods; Jeff McGuire for sharing his expertise in seismology and for the field experience of working on an active source survey; Nafi Toksöz and the MIT Earth Resources Laboratory, including Fuxian Song and Junlun Li, for sharing their work on small-scale seismics; and Meg Tivey for her knowledge of the geochemical processes and structure of the TAG active mound. I would also like to thank my Thesis Defense Chair, Susan Humphris, for her feedback and patient explanations of Gakkel Ridge geochemistry. It is an honor for me to benefit from the expertise of these scientists. Assistance provided by the WHOI Academic Programs Office, especially Julia Westwater, is greatly appreciated. I would like to extend thanks to Jim Yoder for allowing me a voice about the direction of the program, and the JCMG&G, especially Rob Evans, for encouraging my progress. I wish to acknowledge my professors, especially Ralph Stephen, Jack Whitehead, and Lauren Mullineaux, for their engaging teaching. Thanks to my administrator, Kelly Servant, for her encouragement, and to my fellow students in the Joint Program and WHO...

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“…Accumulation rates in cm/y are indicated for specific portions of the section. Error bars on the AMS 14 C ages are only slightly larger than the plot symbols, whereas errors on the sample depth are smaller than the plot symbols Clague et al (2009) used the distribution of particle amounts and grain sizes to propose that the glass particles at the NESCA eruption on the Gorda mid-ocean ridge were dispersed by being entrained in warm, buoyant plumes that were heated mainly by lava flows. The particles were first produced during mild strombolian bubble-burst activity at the vent, lofted upwards in the plume, and then settled out once the rise rate of the plume slowed below the settling rate of the particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation rates of volcaniclastic deposits on Loihi Seamount, Hawaii

Clague

2009

Bull Volcanol

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AMS radiocarbon age dating of planktonic foraminifera in volcaniclastic deposits on Loihi Seamount yields ages ranging from 590 years before present (y BP) at 10 cm depth to 5,880 y BP at 1,007 cm depth in an 11-mthick section exposed along inward facing, calderabounding faults on the eastern side of Loihi's summit. The accumulation rate of the deposit was about 0.37 cm/y from 5,880 to 3,300 y BP and it consisted of subequal amounts of alkalic and tholeiitic fragments. The rate slowed dramatically at about 3,300 y BP to an average 0.04 cm/y and the particles that have accumulated since consist mostly of alkalic glass fragments. The decrease in accumulation rate could indicate a decrease in volcanic activity at Loihi beginning about 3,300 y BP. This lower level of activity appears to be continuing today.

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Widespread strombolian eruptions of mid-ocean ridge basalt

Cited by 110 publications

References 67 publications

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Deep explosive volcanism on the Gakkel Ridge and seismological constraints on shallow recharge at TAG active mound

Accumulation rates of volcaniclastic deposits on Loihi Seamount, Hawaii

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