Widespread Mismatch Between Phenology and Climate in Human‐Dominated Landscapes

Song, Yiluan; Zajic, C. J.; Hwang, Taewon; Hakkenberg, Christopher R.; Zhu, Kai

doi:10.1029/2021av000431

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The response of vegetation phenology to climate changes has regional differences. Vegetation in mid-to-high latitudes (between 30-70 • N) is particularly sensitive to climate changes [25]. We are therefore interested in the boundary of the area between latitudes between 30-70 • N within the ecoregions of North America and with coverage of deciduous forests.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenological Shifts of the Deciduous Forests and Their Responses to Climate Variations in North America

Fang

et al. 2022

Forests

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Forests play a vital role in sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Vegetation phenology is sensitive to climate changes and natural environments. Exploring the patterns in phenological events of the forests can provide useful insights for understanding the dynamics of vegetation growth and their responses to climate variations. Deciduous forest in North America is an important part of global forests. Here we apply time-series remote sensing imagery to map the critical dates of vegetation phenological events, including the start of season (SOS), end of season (EOS), and growth length (GL) of the deciduous forests in North America during the past two decades. The findings show that the SOS and EOS present considerable spatial and temporal variations. Earlier SOS, delayed EOS, and therefore extended GL are detected in a large part of the study area from temporal trend analysis over the years, though the magnitude of the trend varies at different locations. The phenological events are found to correlate to the environmental factors and the impact on the vegetation phenology from the factors is location-dependent. The findings confirm that the phenology of the deciduous forests in North America is updated such as advanced SOS and delayed EOS in the last two decades and the climate variations are likely among the driving forces for the updates. Considering that previous studies warn that shifts in vegetation phenology could reverse the role of forests as net emitters or net sinks, we suggest that forest management should be strengthened to forests that experience significant changes in the phenological events.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenological Shifts of the Deciduous Forests and Their Responses to Climate Variations in North America

Fang

et al. 2022

Forests

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“…Intensity–frequency structure of precipitation and its changes under global warming impact the local hydrological cycle, which is of significant importance to biodiversity conservation and risk evasion (Rietkerk et al, 2021; Song et al, 2021; Trenberth et al, 2003). The diurnal cycle of intensity–frequency structure of precipitation over the SETP and surroundings revealed by this method is conductive to ecomanagement and water resource management there.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal cycle of precipitation over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions: Insights from intensity–frequency structure

Zhao

2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Besides the respective importance of the frequency, intensity and diurnal cycle of precipitation, the diurnal cycle of intensity–frequency structure could reveal more physical details about the evolution process of precipitation systems. Here, an objective method to quantitatively depict the diurnal cycle of intensity–frequency structure of precipitation is proposed, and applied to complex terrains of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings. Results show the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the high terrain has a unimodal night peak, while low terrain with a frequency‐dominated night peak and an intensity‐dominated afternoon peak. Both weak and intense precipitation are more frequent at night than those in the afternoon over unimodal regions compared to bimodal regions. Further analysis reveals different diurnal evolution process of intensity–frequency structure within unimodal and bimodal regions, respectively, which reflects different spatiotemporal traits and evolution process of precipitation. Among unimodal regions, the elevated southeastern TP is featured by the synchronous decrease in both weak and intense precipitation from the night peak to the afternoon minimum. While the decrease of total precipitation in regions with lower terrain is dominated by the decrease of intense precipitation, but with an increase in weak precipitation simultaneously. Regarding bimodal regions, the intense precipitation over southern Hengduan Mountains has a more prominent role in leading the diurnal cycle of precipitation amount, compared with that over the southeastern Yungui Plateau. The proposed method provides a new perspective with more physical details to investigate precipitation characteristics in complex terrains, which could be further used to reasonably evaluate and improve the performance of numerical models.

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“…The first is that the impacts of warming temperatures are not yet great enough to induce a full shift of a migration run which is also constrained by photoperiod (Durif et al, 2005) and moon phase (Sandlund et al, 2017). Secondly, where species are not able to track changes in environmental conditions fast enough to allow timely adaptation (Reed et al, 2011), changes in phenology may lag behind the rates observed in climate variables, resulting in a mismatch that can be ecologically detrimental (Bertrand et al, 2011;Strangeways, 2018;Arevalo et al, 2021a;Song et al, 2021). This is especially true for long-lived species with consequential slow generational turnover, such as European eel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal Trends in the Migration Phenology of Diadromous Fishes Native to the Burrishoole Catchment, Ireland

et al. 2022

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Migration is an important ecological trait that allows animals to exploit resources in different habitats, obtaining extra energy for growth and reproduction. The phenology (or timing) of migration is a highly heritable trait, but is also controlled by environmental factors. Numerous studies have reported the advancement of species life-events with climate change, but the rate and significance of such advancement is likely to be species specific, spatially variable and dependent on interactions with population and ecosystem changes. This is particularly true for diadromous fishes which are sentinels of change in both freshwater and marine domains, and are subject to considerable multiple stressors including overfishing and habitat degradation. Here, we describe trends in the migration phenology of three native Irish migratory fishes over half a century, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brown trout (Salmo trutta) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla). The trends were derived from daily counts of 745,263 fish moving upstream and downstream through the fish traps of the Burrishoole catchment, an internationally important monitoring infrastructure allowing a full census of migrating fish. We found that the start of the seaward migration of eel has advanced by one month since 1970. The commencement of the salmon smolt migration has advanced by one week, although the rest of the migration, and the entirety of the trout smolt run has remained stable. The beginning of the upstream migration of trout to freshwater has advanced by 20 days, while the end of the run is more than one month later than in the 1970’s. The greatest phenological shift has been in the upstream migration of adult salmon, with at least half of migrating fish returning between one and two months earlier from the marine environment compared to the 1970’s. The earlier return of these salmon is coincident with reduced marine survival and decreasing body size, indicating considerable oceanic challenges for this species. Our results demonstrate that the impacts of climate change on the phenology of diadromous fish are context-dependent and may interact with other factors. The mobilization of long-term datasets are crucial to parse the ecological impacts of climate change from other anthropogenic stresses.

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Widespread Mismatch Between Phenology and Climate in Human‐Dominated Landscapes

Cited by 12 publications

References 80 publications

Phenological Shifts of the Deciduous Forests and Their Responses to Climate Variations in North America

Phenological Shifts of the Deciduous Forests and Their Responses to Climate Variations in North America

Diurnal cycle of precipitation over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions: Insights from intensity–frequency structure

Decadal Trends in the Migration Phenology of Diadromous Fishes Native to the Burrishoole Catchment, Ireland

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