Why we eat what we eat. The Eating Motivation Survey (TEMS)

Abstract

a b s t r a c tUnderstanding why people select certain food items in everyday life is crucial for the creation of interventions to promote normal eating and to prevent the development of obesity and eating disorders. The Eating Motivation Survey (TEMS) was developed within a frame of three different studies. In Study 1, a total of 331 motives for eating behavior were generated on the basis of different data sources (previous research, nutritionist interviews, and expert discussions). In Study 2, 1250 respondents were provided with a set of motives from Study 1 and the Eating Motivation Survey was finalized. In Study 3, a sample of 1040 participants filled in the Eating Motivation Survey. Confirmatory factor analysis with fifteen factors for food choice yielded a satisfactory model fit for a full (78 items) and brief survey version (45 items) with RMSEA .048 and .037, 90% CI .047-.049 and .035-.039, respectively. Factor structure was generally invariant across random selected groups, gender, and BMI, which indicates a high stability for the Eating Motivation Survey. On the mean level, however, significant differences in motivation for food choice associated with gender, age, and BMI emerged. Implications of the fifteen distinct motivations to choose foods in everyday life are discussed.

Adaptação transcultural e validade aparente e de conteúdo da versão reduzida da The Eating Motivation Survey (TEMS) para o Português do Brasil

“…Sua apresentação tem a declaração "eu como o que eu como ..." seguida de uma lista de itens. Ela é composta em sua versão completa por 78 itens, e em sua versão reduzida por 45 itens -ambas distribuídas em 15 dimensões gerais relacionadas às motivações alimentares: preferência, hábitos, necessidade e fome, saúde, conveniência, prazer, alimentação tradicional, questões naturais, sociabilidade, preço, apelo visual, controle de peso, controle de emoções, normas sociais e imagem social 6 .…”

“…Sabemos mais atualmente o que as pessoas comem (Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares -POF), mas entender suas motivações pode favorecer a adesão às condutas e ações nutricionais com base na contemplação destes aspectos multidimensionais envolvidos no ato de comer 6 .…”

“…Visando a captar de forma ainda mais extensa as motivações alimentares, Renner et al 6 desenvolveram na Alemanha a The Eating Motivation Survey (TEMS), uma escala elaborada por meio de um conjunto de estudos que objetivaram não apenas reunir os diferentes motivos relacionados às escolhas alimentares presentes em outros instrumentos, mas também estender o entendimento por meio de entrevistas com nutricionistas, discussões com psicólogos, e considerações dos autores -o que resultou em um instrumento amplo para a avaliação dos motivos para comer e escolher os alimentos.…”

Latvian consumers eating motivations

“…To find out what impacts person's eating habits, there are proposed several scales and factors, e.g., four category model of motivations to eat -coping, social, compliance and pleasure (Jackson et al, 2003). In the different eating motivation survey results indicate 15 main factors that explains eating motivations -liking, habits, need and hunger, health, convenience, pleasure, traditional eating, natural concerns, sociability, price, visual appeal, weight control, affect regulation, social norms and social images (Renner et al, 2012), health and nutritional value, sensory appeal, familiarity and convenience, feeling good and safety, and natural content (Ares, Gambaro, 2007), set of individual level factors, socialenvironmental and physical-environmental factors (Swan et al, 2015), food liking, emotional coping, selfcontrol with food, costs and health issues may influence food choice (Dressler, Smith, 2013), taste, economy, convenience, health and variety are also widely described factors that determines food choices (Finkelstein et al, 2004), consumer individual attitudes, perceptions, usage of available resources should be also considered (Urala, Lähteenmäki, 2006). Through analysing all these factors, it is possible to find out causes of healthy and unhealthy eating, which is important to promote healthy eating of public, reduce obesity rates, encourage to consume healthier foods (Finkelstein et al, 2004), decrease rates of diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes, heart diseases (Miller, Cassady, 2012).…”

Consumer acceptance of intervention strategies for healthy food choices

“…The deductive part consisted of coding the reasons in terms of themes identified in The Eating Motivation Scale (TEMS) (Renner, Sproesser, Strohbach, & Schupp, 2012). The inductive part consisted of coding additional themes that were not covered by the deductive coding.…”