“…In line with this, researchers have been appealing for transformation of the current economic development pattern to a LCE (Cherry, Garcia, Kallbekken, & Torvanger, ; Guo, Qu, Wu, & Gui, ; Shen, Ren, Xiong, Li, & Chen, ; Shuai, Shen, Jiao, Wu, & Tan, ). The concept of LCE was initially proposed in a UK Energy White Paper (DTI, ), in which LCE was defined as obtaining greater economic output through less natural resource consumption and lower carbon emission.…”