Why do implicit and explicit attitude tests diverge? The role of structural fit.

Payne, B. Keith; Burkley, Melissa; Stokes, Mark B.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.1.16

Cited by 279 publications

(295 citation statements)

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“…For example, the fact that a particular construct is assessed via an implicit measure does not necessarily imply that the construct is an implicit or nonconscious one, but instead may simply suggest that motivational influences that occur downstream from attitude elicitation play a key role (as suggested by the MODE dual process model of Fazio & Towles-Schwen, 1999). At the same time, the finding that different implicit measures of the same construct often do not correlate very highly is not encouraging and begs for more inquiry into this problem (Fazio & Olson, 2003;Payne, Burkley, & Stokes, 2008).…”

Section: The Implicit-explicit Measure Distinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit measures of consumer cognition: A review

Dimofte

2010

Psychology and Marketing

104

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In line with recent methodological advances from the cognitive and social psychology literature, consumer researchers have shown strong interest in addressing the nonconscious nature of consumer information processing, attitude formation, and behavioral response. The related use of implicit measures in the study of a variety of marketing effects has offered novel insights into consumer perception of, and response to, marketing stimuli. This paper highlights conceptual issues and empirical findings on the topic of implicit consumer cognition and examines the incremental value that implicit measures may bring to the field. The review suggests that while the use of implicit measures in consumer research is still in its infancy, it shows significant promise as a methodological tool. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The recent development and use of a variety of measures designed to capture individuals' implicit social cognitions has naturally spilled over into the consumer psychology field. Yet with every novel methodological development, questions arise about the proper understanding of the conceptual issues underlying the new measures and implications regarding their practical application. These concerns are all the more relevant to the marketing area, which has only cautiously begun to adopt some of these measures in the hope of achieving a better understanding of the way consumers process and respond to marketing stimuli. This is indeed new territory. For example, the Simonson et al. of implicit social cognition. In 2002, Bargh made a passionate plea for new work that was needed concerning automatic influences on consumer judgment, behavior, and motivation.Proposing that consumer contexts are indeed conducive to automatic processing effects, Fitzsimons et al. (2002) reviewed accumulating evidence for the enhanced role of nonconscious influences on consumer responses ranging from perception and memory to affect and choice. Dijksterhuis et al. (2005) further argued for the role of the unconscious in the routine behavior of consumers and proposed that much of it involves automatic goal pursuit. According to these authors, conceptual accounts emphasizing conscious and thorough information processing are unable to account for a large part of consumer choices, and in fact the vast majority of choices are "not the result of much information processing at all" (Dijksterhuis et al., 2005). Instead, they involve decisions that are contextually or environmentally cue-induced and either engage automatically activated attitudes or are completely devoid of deliberate attitude processing. These aspects are critical because the validity of explicit measures is negatively affected by respondents' lack of a particular attitude, their inability to access it, or their unwillingness to share information about it with researchers (Perkins et al., 2008).In a consumption landscape largely determined by nonconscious influences, implicit measures would seem to be potentially useful tools for detecting consumers' "true" responses. In...

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Section: The Implicit-explicit Measure Distinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit measures of consumer cognition: A review

Dimofte

2010

Psychology and Marketing

104

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“…Although participants provide an explicit response for each neutral target, research has provided evidence that the AMP is resistant to intentional responding as participants are unable to correct for the affect activated by the prime (Payne et al, 2005). Across several studies, even when adult participants were motivated to appear unbiased or were instructed to control for the influence of the prime, their judgments of neutral targets were systematically influenced by the valence of the preceding prime (Payne et al, 2013;Payne, Burkley, et al, 2008;Payne et al, 2005;cf. Bar-Anan & Nosek, 2012).…”

Section: Assessing Children's Implicit Attitudes Using the Affect Mismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, they have the ability to tap into social cognitions that children might be unwilling to share, particularly at specific stages of development when their awareness of social expectations and norms begin to emerge (e.g., Rutland, Cameron, Milne, & McGeorge, 2005). The AMP, which was developed for use with adults (e.g., Gawronski, Cunningham, LeBel, & Deutsch, 2010;Inzlicht, Gutsell, & Legault, 2012;Payne, Burkley, & Stokes, 2008;Payne, Govorun, & Arbuckle, 2008;Payne, Hall, Cameron, & Bishara, 2010), has the potential to be a useful new implicit measure of children's attitudes.…”

Section: Assessing Children's Implicit Attitudes Using the Affect Mismentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Children’s Implicit Attitudes Using the Affect Misattribution Procedure

Williams

Steele

Lipman

2016

Journal of Cognition and Development

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“…En segundo lugar, la consistencia entre medidas indirectas podría verse afectada por el grado de similitud metodológica entre cada medida (Payne et al, 2008). Por ejemplo, BarAnan y Nosek (2014) encontraron correlaciones de 0,41-0,51 entre cuatro medidas indirectas (IAT, BIAT, GNAT y ST-IAT) y, atribuyeron el grado de asociación a las semejanzas en los procedimientos de tales métodos.…”

Section: Convergencia Con Medidas Implícitasunclassified

El Test De Asociaciones Implícitas (Implicit Association Test). Una Revisión Metodológica

Tosi¹,

Ledesma²,

Poó³

et al. 2018

Rev Iberoam Diagn Ev

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ResumenLos modelos de cognición social implícita han hecho importantes aportes metodológicos a la investigación psicológica. Sobre la base de estos enfoques se han desarrollado las llamadas medidas "indirectas", cuyo ejemplo más representativo es el Test de Asociaciones Implícitas (IAT). Este trabajo se propone realizar una revisión del IAT atendiendo especialmente a las críticas recibidas en relación con su validez. Se analizan distintos problemas sobre su estructura interna, la naturaleza de los procesos subyacentes a las respuestas, y los posibles efectos contaminantes de otras variables. En cada caso, se realizan recomendaciones para su construcción y aplicación. Se espera que este trabajo incentive el uso adecuado del IAT en los países de habla hispana, donde el procedimiento se encuentra aún escasamente difundido. Palabras clave: cognición social implícita, medidas indirectas, Test de Asociaciones Implícitas, validez AbstractImplicit social cognition models gave relevant methodological inputs to psychological research. On the basis of these models the so called indirect measures have been developed, being the most representative of them the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The present paper is a revision of the research about the IAT, specially about the critics made of its validity. The paper analyzes different problems regarding its internal structure, the nature of the underlying processes, and the possible effects of confounding variables. Recommendations for the IAT construction and application are given. It is expected that this revision stimulate the correct use of the IAT in Spanish speaking countries where this procedure is scarcely spread. Keywords IntroducciónEn las últimas décadas el área de la cognición social implícita ha hecho aportes fundamentales en el desarrollo de instrumentos psicológicos (Hofmann, Gawronski, Gschwendner, Le, & Schmitt, 2005). Estas innovaciones metodológicas aportaron información novedosa y ampliaron las posibilidades de estudio para muchos constructos de interés (e.g. actitudes, estereotipos, autoconcepto). Las nuevas medidas denominadas indirectas, a diferencia de los métodos directos convencionales, ofrecieron la oportunidad de evaluar contenidos mentales implícitos a través del rendimiento en tareas de tiempo de respuesta (Blair, Dasgupta, & Glaser, 2015;Tello, Bravo, & Martínez, 2010). Una de las particularidades de estos métodos es que no dependen de la introspección y limitan la posibilidad de que los participantes controlen sus respuestas Egloff, Schwerdtfeger, & Schmukle, 2005).Aunque en la actualidad existen múltiples medidas indirectas, el Test de Asociación Implícita (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) es la prueba más reconocida (Bar-Anan & Nosek, 2014). El predominio del IAT en comparación con otras pruebas indirectas se evidencia en la cantidad de investigaciones que lo han empleado (Nosek, Howkins, & Frazier, 2011). Esta medida ha sido utilizada en muchas áreas de la disciplina, tales como psicología social, psicología de la personalidad, psicol...

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Why do implicit and explicit attitude tests diverge? The role of structural fit.

Cited by 279 publications

References 50 publications

Implicit measures of consumer cognition: A review

Implicit measures of consumer cognition: A review

Assessing Children’s Implicit Attitudes Using the Affect Misattribution Procedure

El Test De Asociaciones Implícitas (Implicit Association Test). Una Revisión Metodológica

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