Why Are Exotic Birds So Successful in Urbanized Environments?

Sol, Daniel; González‐Lagos, César; Lapiedra, Oriol; Dı́az, Mario

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43314-1_5

Cited by 31 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Although exotic species tended to concentrate in urbanised habitats (see Sol et al 2016), their contribution to increasing phylogenetic richness was quite modest. This is because the number of exotics species within the studied regions was generally low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanisation and the loss of phylogenetic diversity in birds

et al. 2017

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Despite the recognised conservation value of phylogenetic diversity, little is known about how it is affected by the urbanisation process. Combining a complete avian phylogeny with surveys along urbanisation gradients from five continents, we show that highly urbanised environments supported on average 450 million fewer years of evolutionary history than the surrounding natural environments. This loss was primarily caused by species loss and could have been higher had not been partially compensated by the addition of urban exploiters and some exotic species. Highly urbanised environments also supported fewer evolutionary distinctive species, implying a disproportionate loss of evolutionary history. Compared with highly urbanised environments, changes in phylogenetic richness and evolutionary distinctiveness were less substantial in moderately urbanised environments. Protecting pristine environments is therefore essential for maintaining phylogenetic diversity, but moderate levels of urbanisation still preserve much of the original diversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanisation and the loss of phylogenetic diversity in birds

et al. 2017

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“…; Sol et al . ). Of greater relevance to our model is the more specific phenomenon of an entrainment event selectively sampling individuals from the native population that are likely to exhibit higher capacity to survive transport or establish upon arrival.…”

Section: Evidence For Selection During Transportmentioning

confidence: 97%

Beyond propagule pressure: importance of selection during the transport stage of biological invasions

Briski

Chan

Darling

et al. 2018

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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Biological invasions are largely considered to be a “numbers game”, wherein the larger the introduction effort, the greater the probability that an introduced population will become established. However, conditions during transport – an early stage of the invasion – can be particularly harsh, thereby greatly reducing the size of a population available to establish in a new region. Some successful non‐indigenous species are more tolerant of environmental and anthropogenic stressors than related native species, possibly stemming from selection (ie survival of only pre‐adapted individuals for particular environmental conditions) during the invasion process. By reviewing current literature concerning population genetics and consequences of selection on population fitness, we propose that selection acting on transported populations can facilitate local adaptation, which may result in a greater likelihood of invasion than predicted by propagule pressure alone. Specifically, we suggest that detailed surveys should be conducted to determine interactions between molecular mechanisms and demographic factors, given that current management strategies may underestimate invasion risk.

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“…Animals may gain significant benefits from human proximity in terms of availability of food and water and protection against predators and parasites (e.g., Møller 2012 ; Díaz et al 2013 , 2015 ; Møller et al 2016 ; Møller and Díaz 2018 , and references therein). Species able to live close to humans in urban habitats have often vastly expanded their abundance and distribution to the extent of having become cosmopolitan ( Gaston 2010 ; Gil and Brumm 2014 ), because such species are more successful invaders when released outside their original distribution range ( Møller et al 2015a ; Sol et al 2016 ).…”

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Avian preference for close proximity to human habitation and its ecological consequences

Møller

Dı́az

2017

Current Zoology

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Human proximity often have negative consequences for wildlife. However, animals may also benefit from human proximity in terms of availability of resources and protection against predators and parasites. We recorded the distance between all birds detected during the breeding season along 18 5-km transects and the nearest inhabited house in three areas of 50 km2 in Spain, France, and Denmark. More than three quarters of birds were located closer than 100 m to the nearest house, while the null expectation was less than a third. Mean distance for species was correlated with degree of bird urbanization and with flight initiation distance. Habitat specialist species with small breeding territories tended to live closer to houses. Birds from species having more broods per year, larger annual fecundity and lower nest predation rate lived closer to human habitation. Breeding range size, population density, and continental breeding population sizes were larger for species living closer to human habitation. Most relationships between distance to houses and bird traits had a strong phylogenetic signal, but most additive trait effects remained after phylogenetic correction. Proximity to human habitation was a main driver of the distribution of birds, with most individuals and species tightly linked to inhabited houses. Living close to human habitation was associated with success in the colonization of urban habitats and with consistent changes in distribution, abundance, behavior, and life history. Replicated measurements of the spatial and temporal variation in these distributions may be useful for monitoring and analyzing the ongoing process of organisms’ urbanization.

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Why Are Exotic Birds So Successful in Urbanized Environments?

Cited by 31 publications

References 60 publications

Urbanisation and the loss of phylogenetic diversity in birds

Urbanisation and the loss of phylogenetic diversity in birds

Beyond propagule pressure: importance of selection during the transport stage of biological invasions

Avian preference for close proximity to human habitation and its ecological consequences

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