Whole-Lake CO2 Dynamics in Response to Storm Events in Two Morphologically Different Lakes

Vachon, Dominic; Giorgio, Paul A. del

doi:10.1007/s10021-014-9799-8

Cited by 78 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In our study, most lakes were well stratified during the summer, but we cannot exclude that high-wind conditions and drops in summer temperature, especially in the boreal region, could have resulted in partial mixing of the water column between sampling dates (Å berg and others 2010). Wind storm events are known to erode thermal stratification and release CO 2 to the surface through reallocation of CO 2 pools within the lake (Vachon and del Giorgio 2014). Our data suggest that this could have occurred in Brande-Scie, where summer hypolimnetic CO 2 mass decreased toward the end of the summer, and surface CO 2 flux increased (up to 860 mg C m -2 d -1 ), suggesting a partial mixing of the water column.…”

Section: Contribution Of Winter and Hypolimnetic Co 2 Accumulation Tomentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Even if this CO 2 was not emitted at that time, it would have nevertheless been emitted in fall and, as a result, would not have biased the annual CO 2 budget. Other pathways could potentially increase CO 2 fluxes after storm events, such as temporary shifts in the metabolic balance (Klug and others 2012) and direct loading of terrestrially derived CO 2 through inflowing storm water (Vachon and del Giorgio 2014). It is possible that such shortlasting episodes of enhanced CO 2 fluxes occurred between two sampling dates, resulting in an underestimation of annual CO 2 emissions and thus, an overestimation of the winter and hypolimnetic contribution.…”

Section: Contribution Of Winter and Hypolimnetic Co 2 Accumulation Tomentioning

confidence: 93%

“…It is possible that such shortlasting episodes of enhanced CO 2 fluxes occurred between two sampling dates, resulting in an underestimation of annual CO 2 emissions and thus, an overestimation of the winter and hypolimnetic contribution. The magnitude of this underestimation, however, is difficult to assess, because a portion of these potentially enhanced CO 2 fluxes could be actually captured by the sampling, especially when the episodic events resulted in a sustained increase in surface pCO 2 (Ojala and others 2011; Vachon and del Giorgio 2014). These examples explicitly point to the complexity of the lake CO 2 dynamics and to the interplay of physical and biological processes that shape the net annual CO 2 balance and resulting emissions.…”

Section: Contribution Of Winter and Hypolimnetic Co 2 Accumulation Tomentioning

confidence: 95%

“…There are now some well-established patterns in CO 2 supersaturation and water-air fluxes across lakes, for example, in relation to lake morphometry (Kelly and others 2001;Rantakari and Kortelainen 2005;Roehm and others 2009), DOC and nutrients concentration (Prairie and others 2002;Kortelainen and others 2006;Lapierre and del Giorgio 2012), and catchment characteristics (Sobek and others 2003;Kortelainen and others 2006). Lake CO 2 is also highly dynamic in time, especially in northern climatic systems (Kortelainen and others 2006; Huotari and others 2009), resulting in disproportionately high CO 2 flux for short periods of time, during spring and fall mixing (Ló pez Bellido and others 2009; Karlsson and others 2013) and during/after storm events (Ojala and others 2011;Vachon and del Giorgio 2014). Despite the observation of strong seasonal patterns in CO 2 supersaturation and fluxes to the atmosphere, most studies of CO 2 dynamics in northern lakes have focused on the open-water season, and often target only the surface layers of lakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Relative Contribution of Winter Under-Ice and Summer Hypolimnetic CO2 Accumulation to the Annual CO2 Emissions from Northern Lakes

et al. 2015

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We explored the whole-lake accumulation of CO 2 during winter ice cover and in the hypolimnion during summer stratification, in 15 temperate and boreal lakes, and how these processes vary with lake trophic state and morphometry. We further estimated an annual CO 2 budget for each lake that incorporates the fluxes resulting from winter icecover and summer hypolimnetic CO 2 accumulation to assess their relative importance. The volumetric rates of CO 2 accumulation during the winter ice cover ranged from 4.1 to 42.1 mg C m -3 d -1 , and from 9.3 to 54.5 mg C m -3 d -1 in the summer hypolimnion, and both varied mainly as a function of water temperature. The total CO 2 accumulation at the end of winter/summer was most strongly related to lake mean depth and was significantly greater under ice than in the hypolimnion. This greater CO 2 accumulation resulted in relatively high and unvarying spring outflux, averaging 404 mg C m -2 d -1 (C.V. 27%). Significant hypolimnetic CO 2 accumulation also resulted in relatively high fluxes (average 228 mg C m -2 d -1 ) during autumnal mixing, which were more variable (C.V. 43%) than spring fluxes. Average fluxes were lowest and most variable in summer (198 mg C m -2 d -1 , C.V. 46%). The net annual CO 2 flux ranged from 14 to 68 g C m -2 y -1 , and was positively related to DOC concentration. The winter icecover CO 2 accumulation accounted from 3 to 80% (average 17%) of the annual CO 2 flux, whereas summer hypolimnetic accumulation accounted for a smaller but still significant proportion (from 1.4 to 46%). These winter and summer hypolimnetic CO 2 accumulations are released to the atmosphere through short but intense emission bursts that are rarely captured in regular lake sampling schemes, yet they have the potential to profoundly influence the annual lake CO 2 budgets in northern landscapes.

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Section: Contribution Of Winter and Hypolimnetic Co 2 Accumulation Tomentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Contribution Of Winter and Hypolimnetic Co 2 Accumulation Tomentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Contribution Of Winter and Hypolimnetic Co 2 Accumulation Tomentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Relative Contribution of Winter Under-Ice and Summer Hypolimnetic CO2 Accumulation to the Annual CO2 Emissions from Northern Lakes

et al. 2015

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“…Similarly, Vachon and del Giorgio (2014) found that not all storms generated a shift in metabolism because storms are dynamic, and their effects could be masked by uncertainty in measurements or baseline within-day variability. We observed a decrease in GPP in the 3 days following a storm but not in R, which could result from a dilution of nutrients and organisms in the epilimnion from rain water and stream inflow (Abell and Hamilton 2014), decreasing light from lateral movement of organic matter from the littoral zone (Vachon and del Giorgio 2014), or deeper mixing of the epilimnion (Klug et al 2012). Only extreme storms (i.e., Tropical Storms Irene and Lee) continued to alter GPP and R for longer than a week, with sustained increases in both GPP and R and a decoupling of GPP from R (Fig.…”

Section: Drivers Of Intra-annual Metabolism Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and inter-annual variability in metabolism in an oligotrophic lake

et al. 2016

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Lakes are sentinels of change in the landscapes in which they are located. Changes in lake function are reflected in whole-system metabolism, which integrates ecosystem processes across spatial and temporal scales. Recent improvements in high-frequency open-water metabolism modeling techniques have enabled estimation of rates of gross primary production (GPP), respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP) at high temporal resolution. However, few studies have examined metabolic rates over daily to multi-year temporal scales, especially in oligotrophic ecosystems. Here, we modified a metabolism modeling technique to reveal substantial intra-and interannual variability in metabolic rates in Lake Sunapee, a temperate, oligotrophic lake in New Hampshire, USA. Annual GPP and R increased each summer, paralleling increases in littoral, but not pelagic, total phosphorus concentrations. Storms temporarily decoupled GPP and R, resulting in greater decreases in GPP than R. Daily rates of GPP and R were positively correlated on warm days that had stable water columns, and metabolism model fits were best on warm, sunny days, indicating the importance of lake physics when evaluating metabolic rates. These metabolism data span a range of temporal scales and together suggest that Lake Sunapee may be moving toward mesotrophy. We suggest that functional, integrative metrics, such as metabolic rates, are useful indicators and sentinels of ecosystem change. We also highlight the challenges and opportunities of using high-frequency measurements to elucidate the drivers and consequences of intra-and inter-annual variability in metabolic rates, especially in oligotrophic lakes.

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A century of human‐driven changes in the carbon dioxide concentration of lakes

Perga

Maberly

Jenny

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Now that evasion of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from inland waters is accounted for in global carbon models, it is crucial to quantify how these fluxes have changed in the past and forecast how they may alter in the future in response to local and global change. Here we developed a sediment proxy for the concentration of summer surface dissolved CO 2 concentration and used it to reconstruct changes over the past 150 years for three large lakes that have been affected by climate warming, changes in nutrient load, and detrital terrigenous supplies. Initially CO 2 neutral to the atmosphere, all three lakes subsequently fluctuated between near equilibrium and supersaturation. Although catchment inputs have supplied CO 2 to the lakes, internal processes and reallocation have ultimately regulated decadal changes in lake surface CO 2 concentration. Nutrient concentration has been the dominant driver of CO 2 variability for a century although the reproducible, nonmonotonic relationship of CO 2 to nutrient concentration suggests an interplay between metabolic and chemical processes. Yet for two of these lakes, climatic control of CO 2 concentrations has been important over the last 30 years, promoting higher surface CO 2 concentrations, likely by decreasing hypolimnetic carbon storage. This new approach offers the unique opportunity to scale, a posteriori, the long-term impact of human activities on lake CO 2 .

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Whole-Lake CO2 Dynamics in Response to Storm Events in Two Morphologically Different Lakes

Cited by 78 publications

References 58 publications

The Relative Contribution of Winter Under-Ice and Summer Hypolimnetic CO2 Accumulation to the Annual CO2 Emissions from Northern Lakes

The Relative Contribution of Winter Under-Ice and Summer Hypolimnetic CO2 Accumulation to the Annual CO2 Emissions from Northern Lakes

Intra- and inter-annual variability in metabolism in an oligotrophic lake

A century of human‐driven changes in the carbon dioxide concentration of lakes

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