White Residents, Black Incumbents, and a Declining Racial Divide

Hajnal, Zoltan L.

doi:10.1017/s0003055401003033

Cited by 118 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This literature includes works on the determinants of people's decisions to run for office (Chhibber 2002;Fox and Lawless 2004), the literature on party (Sanbonmatsu 2006) and voter perceptions (Barry, Honour, and Palnitkar 2004;Beaman et al 2008;Hajnal 2001) of minority candidates, and the literature on changing social norms (Mackie 1996). This article contributes to this literature by examining the effects of an exogenous and random shock (the quota) on the election process.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Do Electoral Quotas Work after They Are Withdrawn? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in India

2009

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D o electoral quotas for women alter women's chances of winning elections after they are withdrawn? I answer this question by examining an unusual natural experiment in India in which randomly chosen seats in local legislatures are set aside for women for one election at a time. Using data from Mumbai, I find that the probability of a woman winning office conditional on the constituency being reserved for women in the previous election is approximately five times the probability of a woman winning office if the constituency had not been reserved for women. I also explore tentative evidence on the mechanisms by which reservations affect women's ability to win elections. The data suggest that reservations work in part by introducing into politics women who are able to win elections after reservations are withdrawn and by allowing parties to learn that women can win elections.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Do Electoral Quotas Work after They Are Withdrawn? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in India

2009

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“…The context of the situation is critical in determining how stereotypic the judgment will be. Consistent with this notion, Hajnal (2001) finds that black mayoral candidates initially encounter suspicion from white voters because those voters lack information about the candidates. However, as these candidates serve in office, information about their capabilities and non-threatening political agendas comes to reassure white voters.…”

Section: Do White Voters Penalize Minority Candidates Because Of Theimentioning

confidence: 56%

Sex and Race: Are Black Candidates More Likely to be Disadvantaged by Sex Scandals?

et al. 2010

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A growing body of work suggests that exposure to subtle racial cues prompts white voters to penalize black candidates, and that the effects of these cues may influence outcomes indirectly via perceptions of candidate ideology. We test hypotheses related to these ideas using two experiments based on national samples. In one experiment, we manipulated the race of a candidate (Barack Obama vs. John Edwards) accused of sexual impropriety. We found that while both candidates suffered from the accusation, the scandal led respondents to view Obama as more liberal than Edwards, especially among resentful and engaged whites. Second, overall evaluations of Obama declined more sharply than for Edwards. In the other experiment, we manipulated the explicitness of the scandal, and found that implicit cues were more damaging for Obama than explicit ones.

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“…Jeremy Zilber and David Niven (2000) demonstrated African American members of Congress also garner racialized coverage in news. However, research by Zoltan Hajnal (2001) demonstrates that experiences of African American leadership increases White voters' willingness to accept and support African American leaders.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 95%