White Matter Pathophysiology

Ransom, Bruce R.; Goldberg, Mark P.; Arai, Ken; Baltan, Selva

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00009-8

Cited by 1 publication

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References 148 publications

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“…The developing brain is more susceptible to injury[ 63 ], but also has greater plasticity [ 64 ], which may allow for faster recovery. In addition, white matter contains myelin and is suggested to be more susceptible than gray matter to certain types of injury, such as ischemia [ 65 – 67 ]. Calderón-Garcidueñas and colleagues also found that canines exposed to highly polluted air in Mexico City exhibited increased astrocyte reactivity, particularly in white matter, when compared to canines from a less polluted environment[ 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticulate matter exposure results in neuroinflammatory changes in the corpus callosum

et al. 2018

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Epidemiological studies have established an association between air pollution particulate matter exposure (PM2.5) and neurocognitive decline. Experimental data suggest that microglia play an essential role in air pollution PM-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. This study examined the effect of nano-sized particulate matter (nPM) on complement C5 deposition and microglial activation in the corpus callosum of mice (C57BL/6J males). nPM was collected in an urban Los Angeles region impacted by traffic emissions. Mice were exposed to 10 weeks of re-aerosolized nPM or filtered air for a cumulative 150 hours. nPM-exposed mice exhibited reactive microglia and 2-fold increased local deposition of complement C5/ C5α proteins and complement component C5a receptor 1 (CD88) in the corpus callosum. However, serum C5 levels did not differ between nPM and filtered air cohorts. These findings demonstrate white matter C5 deposition and microglial activation secondary to nPM exposure. The C5 upregulation appears to be localized to the brain.

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