White matter lesions and temporal atrophy are associated with cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with hypertension and Alzheimer's disease

García‐Alberca, José María; Mendoza, Silvia; Gris, Esther; Royo, José Luis; Cruz‐Gamero, José Manuel; García‐Casares, Natalia

doi:10.1002/gps.5366

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…PDC , encoding a phosphoprotein involved in the process of vision in the retina, has been associated with stress-induced hypertension [ 34 , 35 ]. Hypertension, in turn, has been associated with an increased risk to develop AD [ 36 , 37 ]. PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) encodes the cyclooxygenase enzyme, involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins; different single nucleotide polymorphisms in PTGS2 have been associated with AD, resulting in protection or increased risk of developing the disease [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncharacterized RNAs in Plasma of Alzheimer’s Patients Are Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Show a Potential Diagnostic Power

Barbagallo

Martino

Grasso

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis is actually based on clinical evaluation and brain-imaging tests, and it can often be confirmed only post-mortem. Therefore, new non-invasive molecular biomarkers are necessary to improve AD diagnosis. As circulating microRNA biomarkers have been proposed for many diseases, including AD, we aimed to identify new diagnostic non-small RNAs in AD. Whole transcriptome analysis was performed on plasma samples of five AD and five unaffected individuals (CTRL) using the Clariom D Pico Assay, followed by validation in real-time PCR on 37 AD patients and 37 CTRL. Six differentially expressed (DE) transcripts were identified: GS1-304P7.3 (upregulated), NONHSAT090268, TC0100011037, TC0400008478, TC1400008125, and UBE2V1 (downregulated). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may influence the expression of circulating RNAs and their analysis has been proposed to improve AD clinical management. Accordingly, DE transcript expression was also evaluated in PBMCs, showing no difference between AD and CTRL. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each DE transcript and a signature including all of them. A correlation between cognitive impairment and GS1-304P7.3, NONHSAT090268, TC0100011037, and TC0400008478 was detected, suggesting a potential association between their extracellular abundance and AD clinical phenotype. Finally, this study identified six transcripts showing altered expression in the plasma of AD patients. Given the need for new, accurate blood biomarkers for AD diagnosis, these transcripts may be considered for further analyses in larger cohorts, also in combination with other biomarkers, aiming to identify specific RNA-based biomarkers to be eventually applied to clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncharacterized RNAs in Plasma of Alzheimer’s Patients Are Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Show a Potential Diagnostic Power

Barbagallo

Martino

Grasso

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Thus, the enhanced postsynaptic activity promotes a more normal function of the cholinergic system [55,[61][62][63]. This is important in the medial temporal lobe and especially the hippocampus because both play a crucial role in memory [64,65]. On the other hand, the presence of vascular pathology causes arterial stiffness and modifies the structure of cerebral blood vessels and alters the delicate vasoregulatory mechanisms that ensure an adequate blood supply to the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Treatment with Ginkgo Biloba Extract EGb 761 Alone or Combined with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Vascular Dementia

2022

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Background Vascular dementia (VaD) is the most severe manifestation of cognitive impairment caused by cerebrovascular disease. There are currently no specific drug treatments approved for VaD, with cholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) being frequently used in VaD. However, the benefits they provide are small and short-lived. The standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba EGb 761 has demonstrated protective properties against neuronal and vascular damage and has been used as a pharmacological treatment for VaD. Objectives This study aims to study the efficacy of EGb 761 alone and in combination with AChEI in a real-life setting. We carried out a retrospective analysis of data over a 12-month period in a sample of people suffering from VaD. Methods We retrospectively identified 77 patients with a diagnosis of VaD who had received treatment with any of the following drugs: Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 (240 mg daily), donepezil (10 mg daily), galantamine (16 or 24 mg daily), or rivastigmine patch (9.5 or 13.3 mg daily). Subjects were divided into three groups according to the treatment they had received: EGb 761 alone (n = 25), AChEI alone (n = 26), and EGb 761+AChEI (n = 26). Cognitive functioning was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Trail Making Test forms A (TMTA) and B (TMTB), Letter (LFT) and Category Fluency Test (CFT); neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI); functional capacity was assessed by Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living (IDDD).Results A statistically significant improvement was observed in the EGb 761 group versus the AChEI group at 12 months' follow-up in CFT (+1.74, p < 0.001), TMTA (−17.91, p = 0.031) and NPI (−5.89, p < 0.001). With regard to the combined treatment, a statistically significant improvement was shown in the EGb 761 plus AChEI treatment group versus AChEI group at the 12-month follow-up in MMSE (+2.0, p = 0.001), RAVLT (+2.23, p = 0.007), CFT (+1.15, p = 0.013), TMTA (−19.92, p = 0.012), TMTB (−46.50, p < 0.001) and NPI (−6.77, p < 0.001). In the same line, a statistically significant improvement was observed in the EGb 761 plus AChEI treatment group versus EGb 761 at 12-month follow-up regarding MMSE (+2.11, p = 0.001), RAVLT (+2.35, p = 0.004) and TMTB (−25.25, p = 0.015). Conclusion After 12 months of treatment EGb 761 alone or combined with AChEI showed cognitive and behavioral benefits in patients suffering from VaD. This study thus provides additional real-world evidence for the combined use of EGb 761 and anti-dementia drugs in VaD patients.

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“…Moreover, the temporal lobe was described in the early stages of neurodegenerative disorders. Temporal atrophy is associated with impaired cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease [ 31 , 32 ]. Recent studies suggested that Alzheimer’s disease degenerative pathologies contribute to white matter hyperintensity, in addition to cerebrovascular disease [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topologic Efficiency Abnormalities of the Connectome in Asymptomatic Patients with Leukoaraiosis

et al. 2022

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Leukoaraiosis (LA) is commonly found in aging healthy people but its pathophysiological mechanism is not entirely known. Furthermore, there is still a lack of effective pathological biomarkers that can be used to identify the early stage of LA. Our aim was to investigate the white matter structural network in asymptomatic patients with the early stage of LA. Tractography data of 35 asymptomatic patients and 20 matched healthy controls (HCs) based on diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) were analysed by using graph theory approaches and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Diffusion parameters measured within the ALAs and HCs were compared. Decreased clustering coefficient and local efficiency values of the overall topological white matter network were observed in the ALAs compared with those of the HCs. Participants in the asymptomatic group also had lower nodal efficiency in the left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, right temporal pole of the superior temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus compared to the ALAs. Moreover, similar hub distributions were found within participants in the two groups. In this study, our data demonstrated a topologic efficiency abnormalities of the structural network in asymptomatic patients with leukoaraiosis. The structural connectome provides potential connectome-based measures that may be helpful for detecting leukoaraiosis before clinical symptoms evolve.

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White matter lesions and temporal atrophy are associated with cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with hypertension and Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Uncharacterized RNAs in Plasma of Alzheimer’s Patients Are Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Show a Potential Diagnostic Power

Uncharacterized RNAs in Plasma of Alzheimer’s Patients Are Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Show a Potential Diagnostic Power

Benefits of Treatment with Ginkgo Biloba Extract EGb 761 Alone or Combined with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Vascular Dementia

Topologic Efficiency Abnormalities of the Connectome in Asymptomatic Patients with Leukoaraiosis

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