White Matter Changes Contribute to Corpus Callosum Atrophy in the Elderly: The LADIS Study

Ryberg, Charlotte; Rostrup, Egill; Sjöstrand, Karl; Paulson, Olaf B.; Barkhof, Frederik; Scheltens, Philip; Straaten, E.C.W. van; Fazekas, Franz; Schmidt, Reinhold; Erkinjuntti, Timo; Wahlund, Lars‐Olof; Basile, Anna; Pantoni, Leonardo; Inzitari, Domenico; Waldemar, Gunhild

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1169

Cited by 52 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…This is consistent with the hypothesis that leukoaraiosis results in loss of white matter tract organization, 5 damage to intra-and interhemispheric white matter pathways with reduced functional network integrity, [6][7][8][9] and overall reduced ability to compensate for deficits produced by an acute ischemic stroke. 7 Nevertheless, although plausible, this hypothesis will require confirmation in additional studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…[2][3][4] In addition, leukoaraiosis-related loss of white matter tract organization with damage to intra-and interhemispheric white matter pathways could result in reduced functional network integrity. [5][6][7][8][9] This may impair brain plasticity and compensatory mechanisms for acute deficits such that even small strokes could result in relatively large functional deficits. 10 Hence, it is conceivable that the association between infarct volume and NIHSS is affected by the degree of pre-exisiting leukoaraiosis burden.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Leukoaraiosis Burden Significantly Modulates the Association Between Infarct Volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in Ischemic Stroke

Helenius

Henninger

2015

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) provides a reliable, quantitative measure of ischemic stroke severity and is predicted by the infarct size. We sought to determine whether leukoaraiosis severity affects the association between infarct size and NIHSS. Methods-NIHSS and diffusion-weighted imaging-defined infarct volumes from 312 prospectively enrolled patients with supratentorial, ischemic strokes were analyzed. Leukoaraiosis severity was graded according to the Fazekas scale and conceptually defined as absent (0; n=44), mild (1-2; n=106), moderate (3-4; n=105), and severe (5-6; n=57). ANCOVA was used to describe the effect of leukoaraiosis on the association between infarct volume and NIHSS. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to assess whether the association of leukoaraiosis and infarct volume on NIHSS was independent of other clinically relevant covariates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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confidence: 99%

Leukoaraiosis Burden Significantly Modulates the Association Between Infarct Volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in Ischemic Stroke

Helenius

Henninger

2015

Stroke

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“…36 In our study, 8 patients had atrophy of the corpus callosum, which is also reported in MS and dementia, a finding only partially explained by Wallerian degeneration. 37,38 There was U-fiber preservation in 93% of the patients with HDLS.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

MRI characteristics and scoring in HDLS due to CSF1R gene mutations

Sundal¹,

Gerpen²,

Nicholson³

et al. 2012

Neurology

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Objective: To describe the brain MRI characteristics of hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) with known mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor gene (CSF1R) on chromosome 5. Methods:We reviewed 20 brain MRI scans of 15 patients with autopsy-or biopsy-verified HDLS and CSF1R mutations. We assessed sagittal T1-, axial T1-, T2-, proton density-weighted and axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images for distribution of white matter lesions (WMLs), gray matter involvement, and atrophy. We calculated a severity score based on a point system (0Ϫ57) for each MRI scan. Results:Of the patients, 93% (14 of 15) demonstrated localized WMLs with deep and subcortical involvement, whereas one patient revealed generalized WMLs. All WMLs were bilateral but asymmetric and predominantly frontal. Fourteen patients had a rapidly progressive clinical course with an initial MRI mean total severity score of 16.7 points (range 10Ϫ33.5). Gray matter pathology and brainstem atrophy were absent, and the corticospinal tracts were involved late in the disease course. There was no enhancement, and there was minimal cerebellar pathology. Conclusion:Recognition of the typical MRI patterns of HDLS and the use of an MRI severity score might help during the diagnostic evaluation to characterize the natural history and to monitor potential future treatments. Indicators of rapid disease progression were symptomatic disease onset before 45 years, female sex, WMLs extending beyond the frontal regions, a MRI severity score greater than 15 points, and mutation type of deletion. Neurology ® 2012;79:566-574 GLOSSARY CI ϭ confidence interval; CSF1R ϭ colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor; FLAIR ϭ fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; HDLS ϭ hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids; MLD ϭ metachromatic leukodystrophy; MS ϭ multiple sclerosis; SI ϭ signal intensity; WM ϭ white matter; WNL ϭ white matter lesion; X-ALD ϭ X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.

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“…The same template has been used in previous publications of the LADIS Study. 22,23 Reliability analysis revealed Ͼ0.90 (weighted Cohen ) intrarater agreement for both cortical and subcortical atrophy. Inter-rater agreement was 0.70 for cortical and 0.83 for subcortical atrophy.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Inter-rater agreement was 0.70 for cortical and 0.83 for subcortical atrophy. 22,23 MTA was rated also by a single rater on the T1-weighted images resliced in the coronal plane according to the Scheltens scale ranging from 0 to 4 on the left and right hemispheres. 24 The average of these 2 scores was used in the present study.…”

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confidence: 99%

Brain atrophy accelerates cognitive decline in cerebral small vessel disease

Jokinen¹,

Lipsanen²,

Schmidt

et al. 2012

Neurology

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131

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Objective: To examine the independent contributions and combined interactions of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), cortical and subcortical atrophy, and white matter lesion (WML) volume in longitudinal cognitive performance. Methods:A total of 477 subjects with age-related WML were evaluated with brain MRI and annual neuropsychological examinations in 3-year follow-up. Baseline MRI determinants of cognitive decline were analyzed with linear mixed models controlling for multiple confounders.Results: MTA and subcortical atrophy predicted significantly steeper rate of decline in global cognitive measures as well as compound scores for psychomotor speed, executive functions, and memory after adjusting for age, gender, education, lacunes/infarcts, and WML volume. Cortical atrophy independently predicted decline in psychomotor speed. WML volume remained significantly associated with cognitive decline even after controlling for the atrophy scores. Moreover, significant synergistic interactions were found between WML and atrophy measures in overall cognitive performance across time and the rate of cognitive decline. Synergistic effects were also observed between baseline lacunar infarcts and all atrophy measures on change in psychomotor speed. The main results remained robust after exclusion of subjects with clinical stroke or incident dementia, and after additional adjustments for progression of WML and lacunes.Conclusions: Brain atrophy and WML are independently related to longitudinal cognitive decline in small vessel disease. MTA, subcortical, and cortical atrophy seem to potentiate the effect of WML and lacunes on cognitive decline. Neurology ® 2012;78:1785-1792

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White Matter Changes Contribute to Corpus Callosum Atrophy in the Elderly: The LADIS Study

Cited by 52 publications

References 34 publications

Leukoaraiosis Burden Significantly Modulates the Association Between Infarct Volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in Ischemic Stroke

Leukoaraiosis Burden Significantly Modulates the Association Between Infarct Volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in Ischemic Stroke

MRI characteristics and scoring in HDLS due to CSF1R gene mutations

Brain atrophy accelerates cognitive decline in cerebral small vessel disease

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