Where have all the <i>Daphnia</i> gone? The decline of a major cladoceran in Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada

Richards, Robert C.; Goldman, Charles R.; Frantz, Ted C.; Wickwire, R.

doi:10.1080/03680770.1974.11896129

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Before the late 1960s populations of cladocerans dominated the crustacean zooplankton of the lake. After the introduction of the exotic invertebrate planktivore Mysis relicta, however; cladocerans (especially Daphnia) were eliminated from all but limited nearshore refugia by 197 1 (Richards et al 1975). Despite this massive disruption of zooplankton community structure and abundance, no major impacts on Lake Tahoe productivity, water quality, or phytoplankton species dynamics can be discerned in the long-term monitoring record for the lake , reflecting the fact that, even at peak abundances prior to Mysis, Daphnia densities never exceeded 0.75 animals liter', a density lower than the lowest treatment imposed in the Daphnia gradient experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton effects on phytoplankton in lakes of contrasting trophic status

Elser

Goldman

1991

Limnology & Oceanography

198

118

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Studies were carried out in three lakes of strongly contrasting trophic state to evaluate how the effects of zooplankton on phytoplankton vary as a function of lake productivity. Chlorophyll and total P concentrations differed by 2-3 orders of magnitude among ultra-oligotrophic Lake Tahoe, meso-oligotrophic Castle Lake, and strongly eutrophic Clear Lake. Three experimental designs involving short-term (4 d) manipulations of nutrients, ambient zooplankton, and the common crustacean grazer Duphnia were performed in each lake. Algal responses were assessed at both the "aggregate," community (Chl, primary productivity, nutrient status) and species levels.Experiments in Lake Tahoe revealed a high degree of nutrient sensitivity but negligible grazing impacts by the very low densities of ambient zooplankton. Daphnia grazing had substantial impacts on Tahoe phytoplankton, however, indicating high susceptibility to grazing in this assemblage of relatively small-sized algal species. Castle Lake experiments revealed strong direct and indirect impacts of both ambient zooplankton and Duphnia on the nutrient-limited algal assemblage. The cyanobacteria-dominated algal community of Clear Lake was resistant to grazing impacts, responding relatively weakly only to the highest densities of Duphnin. Good correspondence between estimates of algal biomass made from chlorophyll measurements and microscopic examination were obtained, and, in Castle Lake, concordance between estimated community productivity tumover times made from species-specific growth determinations and community productivity measurements was observed. The contrasting responses to experimental zooplankton manipulations in the three lakes provide support for the view that the coupling between zooplankton and phytoplankton is strongest in lakes of intermediate productivity and imply that food-web alterations at the top of the food web are most likely to propagate to the level of the phytoplankton (and therefore lake water quality) in lakes of moderate trophic status.The relationship between nutrient loading and lake trophic state or productivity (Vollenweider 1976) is one of the most wellfounded empirical properties of lakes. Having established this relationship and used it in lake management with success, limnologists increasingly have focused their attention on the considerable amount of unexplained variance which remains in these empirical relationships.One explanation proposes that the chain of predatory interactions within the pelagic food web can strongly alter phytoplankton abundance by ' Present address:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton effects on phytoplankton in lakes of contrasting trophic status

Elser

Goldman

1991

Limnology & Oceanography

198

118

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“…F. Miiller) was described as "quite common," and this led to the idea that Daphnia had been conspicuous in the plankton (Edmondson 1977b, Edmondson and Litt SEWAGE DIVERSION 1962196519701975197919331950195719621965197019751979 son, J, Braaten, D. J. Hall, C. Mills, D. Myhrc, C. Peterson, J. Shapiro, and M. and S. Willing.…”

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Daphnia in Lake Washington1

Edmondson

Litt

1982

Limnology & Oceanography

252

108

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In 1976 Daphnia, a genus that had been inconspicuous in the zooplankton of Lake Washington, suddenly became dominant. The mean summer transparency of the lake doubled. The major change affecting the SUCCESS of Duphniu evidently was a decrease in the abundance of the predatory Neomysis mercedis in the mid-1960s. Daphnia probably did not increase at that time because of the continued persistence of significant quantities

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“…Zooplankton, as other living components of any ecosystem, can be indicator organisms, or early warning systems of impending or current change. This was illustrated by the changes that occurred in the zooplankton population (and subsequently are occurring in such other organisms as fish in the Tahoe food web) after the introduction of the opossum shrimp, Mysis relicta in the early 1960s (Linn and Frantz 1965;Hansen 1966;Richards et al 1975Richards et al , 1991. Because of the sensitivity to change exhibited by this crustacean zooplankton and its importance within the food web as a major vehicle for transfer of energy from one trophic level to another (as a primary food source for fishes), it is advantageous to include them in future lake monitoring activities.…”

Section: Macrozooplankton Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This introduction was of limited success and was responsible for dramatically changing the makeup of the Lake Tahoe zooplankton food web (Richards et al 1975;Morgan et al 1978;Threlkeld et al 1980;Morgan et al 1981;Richards et al 1991). This resulted from the lack of knowledge by zooplankton ecologists at that time in understanding the full dietary role of the shrimp in large and deep oligotrophic lakes and how shrimp behavior (e.g., diurnal vertical migration) modified their utilization by fishes.…”

Section: Macrozooplankton Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Tahoe watershed assessment: volume I

Murphy¹,

Knopp²

2000

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The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) This watershed assessment of the Lake Tahoe basin in northern California and Nevada is the first attempt to collate, synthesize, and interpret available scientific information with a comprehensive view toward management and policy outcomes. The seven-chapter report presents new and existing information in subject areas pertinent to policy development and land and resource management in the basin, including environmental history, air quality, watershed dynamics and water quality, biological integrity, and socioeconomic conditions. Key findings report the extent of recent climatic changes, historic accounts of past environmental disturbances, state of our understanding of why the Lake's clarity is declining, significant role that air quality plays in the decline, and an initial nutrient budget for nitrogen and phosphorous that are believed to fuel algae growth. In addition, important new work related to old-growth forests, the risk of wildfire and the conservation of biological diversity in the basin have helped to broaden our perspective of the interrelated nature of the environmental challenge facing the basin. A detailed analysis of institutional arrangements and capacities in the Lake Tahoe basin is presented in the context of environmental decision-making.

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Where have all the Daphnia gone? The decline of a major cladoceran in Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

Zooplankton effects on phytoplankton in lakes of contrasting trophic status

Zooplankton effects on phytoplankton in lakes of contrasting trophic status

Daphnia in Lake Washington1

Lake Tahoe watershed assessment: volume I

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