2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.066
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Where does the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles come from: The nanoparticles, the ions, or a combination of both?

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Cited by 284 publications
(151 citation statements)
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“…This results are in accordance with the finding that the higher the ionic potential, the greater the degree of the ion-ion screening effects in an oxide by surrounding anions (Erdemir et al, 2005). Several studies have confirmed that the released metal ions in culture media from some nanomaterials were the proximal cause of adverse effects (Alaraby et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2016). Another parameter, Z/r, represents electro negativity or propensity of metal ions to bind to bioligands.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…This results are in accordance with the finding that the higher the ionic potential, the greater the degree of the ion-ion screening effects in an oxide by surrounding anions (Erdemir et al, 2005). Several studies have confirmed that the released metal ions in culture media from some nanomaterials were the proximal cause of adverse effects (Alaraby et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2016). Another parameter, Z/r, represents electro negativity or propensity of metal ions to bind to bioligands.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Literature data showed that Zn 2+ ions released from ZnO nanoparticles are related to their cytotoxic potential (Wang et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2016). To verify if the toxicity of metal nanoparticles is due to the same nanoparticles or ions, we included the effect of a zinc salt on the cell viability and compared this with ZnO nanoparticles.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The lack of antimicrobial activity of the Fe 2 O 3 NPs could be associated with the low solubility and the free ions in the media (Arakha et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016). Furthermore, the aggregation of the Fe 2 O 3 NPs in the media due to the antimicrobial effects is related to their nano-scale interactions (Ismail, Sulaiman, Abdulrahman, & Marzoog, 2015;Sharaf, Abbas, & Ismaeil, 2019).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%