2009
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153502
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Abstract: Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Cognitive deficits are a key feature of schizophrenia and a primary cause of long-term disability. Current neurophysiological models of schizophrenia focus on distributed brain dysfunction with bottom-up as well as top-down components. Bottom-up deficits in cognitive processing are driven by impairments in basic perceptual processes that localize to primary sensory brain regions. Within the auditory system, defi… Show more

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Cited by 449 publications
(439 citation statements)
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References 121 publications
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“…This finding is not directly relevant to the main question addressed in this study but it is interesting because it contrasts with previous studies in patients with established schizophrenia who show reduced ability to spontaneously disambiguate two-tone images of faces without prior knowledge (46,47). This previous effect is most likely related to well-established schizophrenic deficits in early and midlevel vision that affect perceptual organization, context processing and integration (37,38,(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53) rather than to top-down influences from high-level visual cognition as in the current study. We did not directly probe early and midlevel visual function in our participants, but it seems most likely that the absence of impairments in spontaneous disambiguation of two-tone images in the clinical group might be due to the specific nature of our stimulus material, which was extensively piloted to be difficult to disambiguate without prior knowledge (for details, see SI Materials and Methods).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 87%
“…This finding is not directly relevant to the main question addressed in this study but it is interesting because it contrasts with previous studies in patients with established schizophrenia who show reduced ability to spontaneously disambiguate two-tone images of faces without prior knowledge (46,47). This previous effect is most likely related to well-established schizophrenic deficits in early and midlevel vision that affect perceptual organization, context processing and integration (37,38,(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53) rather than to top-down influences from high-level visual cognition as in the current study. We did not directly probe early and midlevel visual function in our participants, but it seems most likely that the absence of impairments in spontaneous disambiguation of two-tone images in the clinical group might be due to the specific nature of our stimulus material, which was extensively piloted to be difficult to disambiguate without prior knowledge (for details, see SI Materials and Methods).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 87%
“…Recent work supports this concept (Javitt, 2009). Patients with schizophrenia have great difficulty in perceiving visual objects among noise and are unable to identify incongruous events in a virtual reality context.…”
Section: Failures In Learningdependent Predictive Perception As the Kmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Interestingly, it has also been shown that ToM impairments in schizophrenia are associated with deficits of motion perception as an upward consequence of altered visual processing (Kelemen et al, 2005). Visual processing has been shown to be modulated by the glutamatergic system (Javitt, 2009). In accordance, a study by Uhlhaas et al (2007) showed visual perception deficits in ketamine users similar to those deficits found in schizophrenia.…”
Section: Reduced Cortical Thickness In Risk Carriers and Potential Fumentioning
confidence: 82%