What Was First, Obesity or Inflammatory Bowel Disease? What Does the Gut Microbiota Have to Do with It?

Jarmakiewicz-Czaja, Sara; Sokal, Aneta; Filip, Rafał

doi:10.3390/nu12103073

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Obesity is characterized by weight gain above normal ranges—body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ; overweight is defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 . IBD is often associated with underweight (BMI < 18 kg/m 2 ); however, numerous studies find overweight and obesity also common in UC/CD patients [ 5 ]. Overweight may be present in 20–40% of IBD patients in Western countries, while obesity may affect about 15–40% of this population [ 6 ].…”

Section: Obesity and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are data suggesting that obesity does influence the efficacy of specific drugs commonly used to treat IBD. It is associated with the rapid clearance of biologic agents that could result in low trough concentrations and in suboptimal response to biological therapy [ 5 , 6 ]. A reduction in clinical outcome and lower trough levels in response to infliximab [ 28 ] and adalimumab [ 29 ] have been reported.…”

Section: Obesity and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of another SCFA, acetate, increases protection against the enteropathogen Escherichia coli 0157:H7 by maintaining epithelial barrier function and restricting the translocation of bacterial toxins to the blood supply [ 63 ]. In addition, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may trigger low-grade inflammation that contributes to IBD, promotes an inappropriate inflammatory response—leading to an imbalance in local pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, and becomes a factor in promoting IBD [ 5 ]. These data show that probably different molecules produced by the bacterial microbiota can modulate the balance between colonic health and disease [ 62 ].…”

Section: Adipose Tissue As An Active Endocrine Organ Visceral Adipose Tissue and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Adipose Tissue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Karásková

Velganova-Veghova

Geryk

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract, include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. There are increasing clinical and experimental data showing that obesity, especially visceral adiposity, plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Obesity seems to be an important risk factor also for IBD disease severity and clinical outcomes. Visceral adipose tissue is an active multifunctional metabolic organ involved in lipid storage and immunological and endocrine activity. Bowel inflammation penetrates the surrounding adipose tissue along the mesentery. Mesenteric fat serves as a barrier to inflammation and controls immune responses to the translocation of gut bacteria. At the same time, mesenteric adipose tissue may be the principal source of cytokines and adipokines responsible for inflammatory processes associated with IBD. This review is particularly focusing on the potential role of adipokines in IBD pathogenesis and their possible use as promising therapeutic targets.

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Section: Obesity and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obesity and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adipose Tissue As An Active Endocrine Organ Visceral Adipose Tissue and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Role of Adipose Tissue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Karásková

Velganova-Veghova

Geryk

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Moreover, obesity induces variations in the colonic microbiome that may predispose the patient to diverticulitis. Obesity and diverticulitis are associated with alterations in gut microbiota (such as an increased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes) [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of overweight on diverticular disease: a cross-sectional multicentre study

Mari¹,

Sbeit²,

Haddad³

et al. 2021

Polish Archives of Internal Medicine

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The main finding of this study is the possible link between overweight and the increased risk of acute diverticulitis among patients with asymptomatic diverticulosis. This observation has special practical applications since overweight is a modifiable factor. The finding of this study open horizons for prospective studies on the effects of weight loss as an optional treatment for symptomatic diverticular disease.

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“…Many studies have reported that the gut microbiota affects normal physiological and biochemical functions and is associated with a variety of diseases, such as liver disease, cancer, and especially IBD [ 3 , 14 , 15 ]. In a study on IBD, the composition and function of the gut microbiota of patients with IBD were found to be modified, which may result in the impairment of gut physiological function [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Chronic Colitis in Mice through Its Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Modulates the Gut Microbiota

Kang

Sun

Pan

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Vitamin B (nicotinamide (NAM)), one of the most important nutritional components for humans, exerts anti-inflammatory activity. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of NAM on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice with chronic colitis. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 male mice by administration of 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and the mice were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline (NS) or NAM. NAM treatment ameliorated weight loss and changes in colon length, disease activity index (DAI) score, and histologic scores. Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of LPL cells revealed that the level of interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-12p70, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interferon- (IFN-) γ, IL-21, and IL-17A was increased, while IL-10 was reduced, in the chronic colitis group compared to the control group, but the levels of all these factors were restored after NAM treatment. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing of the large intestinal content was performed, and analysis of alpha diversity and beta diversity showed that the richness of the gut microbiota was decreased in the DSS group compared to the control group and restored after NAM treatment. In addition, NAM modulated specific bacteria, including Odoribacter, Flexispira, and Bifidobacterium, in the NAM+chronic colitis group. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis indicated that NAM treatment restored disruptions in the functions of the gut microbiota (replication and repair, cell motility) in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, NAM also restored the reduction in valeric acid in mice with DSS-induced chronic colitis. Our results suggest that NAM treatment could alleviate DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and regulating the composition and function of gut microbiota.

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What Was First, Obesity or Inflammatory Bowel Disease? What Does the Gut Microbiota Have to Do with It?

Cited by 16 publications

References 139 publications

Role of Adipose Tissue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Role of Adipose Tissue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The impact of overweight on diverticular disease: a cross-sectional multicentre study

Nicotinamide Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Chronic Colitis in Mice through Its Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Modulates the Gut Microbiota

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