What supports hospital pharmacist prescribing in Scotland? – A mixed methods, exploratory sequential study

General Practice Clinical Pharmacist Standards of Practice for Delivery of Polypharmacy and Chronic Disease Medication Reviews: A Consensus Study.

“…Research from America, Canada and the UK suggests there are several factors affecting pharmacist's ability to take on new responsibilities such as independent prescribing in particular (in the UK) and integrating new roles of pharmacists into multidisciplinary teams [49][50][51][52][53][54]. These are lack of con dence due to lack of clear role de nition and lack of peer and management/ structure support and/ or integration into multi-disciplinary team.…”

How to … do mixed‐methods research

“…These include: (i) sequential exploratory mixed‐methods design, which can be characterised by initial qualitative data collection and analysis, followed by a phase of quantitative data collection and analysis, leading to the integration or linking of data from the two separate corpuses of data to further explore, develop and test the qualitative analysis; (ii) sequential explanatory mixed‐methods design, which usually implies collecting, analysing and connecting quantitative and then qualitative data in two consecutive phases, resulting in integrating the findings within one study, in order to explain quantitative results using qualitative findings; (iii) convergent mixed‐methods study design with quantitative and qualitative data that aim to identify converging evidence that corroborates the validity of the conclusions drawn from different methods and data sources; and (iv) nested mixed‐methods study, in which qualitative and quantitative components sit alongside one another, but with one component clearly dominant and the other nested or embedded within it, to improve the quality of the conclusions. In Table , we provide four exemplar studies that have been selected to illustrate the mixed‐methods designs described here …”

Paramedic independent prescribing in primary care: seven steps to success

“…It is imperative that managers sanction and confirm their commitment to implement PIP during the adoption phase; lack of managerial support is one of the most frequently cited barriers limiting uptake in primary care (Kelly et al, 2010;Scrafton et al, 2012) and other 4 settings (Taylor and Bailey, 2017;Fisher et al, 2018;Casey et al, 2020). Managerial lack of knowledge and understanding of NMP, limited organisational prioritisation of NMP and over restrictive policies for expanding NMP numbers are widely reported barriers (Courtenay et al, 2011;Dobel-Ober and Brimblecombe, 2016;Connor and McHugh, 2019).…”

“…Studies indicate the latter can be the "pinch-point" for some GPs/practice managers, rather than the financial outlay for training (Kelly et al, 2010;Unwin et al, 2016). Deficiencies in protected time provision are widely reported and can markedly affect the overall learning experience for trainees (Latter et al, 2010;Carey et al, 2017;Fisher et al, 2018). Although HEIs seek assurance that trainees will be released for the designated 27 taught and 12 supervised learning in practice days, from managers within the application process, competing clinical workload pressures mean, in practice, this is not always the case (McCormick and Downer 2012;Bourne et al, 2013;Smith et al, 2014).…”

“…Where the release of paramedics for training is likely to impact short term service sustainability, it may also be necessary to secure substantive post backfill. Failure to do so has been a rate limiting factor to initial adoption of NMP (Carey et al, 2010;Latter et al, 2010;Fisher et al, 2018) and a barrier in planning further expansion of NMP numbers (Courtenay et al, 2018).…”