What is the nature of increased Stroop interference in schizophrenia?

Boucart, Muriel; Mobarek, Nouara; Cuervo, Christine; Danion, Jean-Marie

doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(98)00037-7

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this study we also demonstrate a single chemical (NAA)-cognitive network in the brain, specifically in ACC, as a possible neurobiological/neurochemical mechanism for development of cognitive interference. Given that the SCW interference has been found abnormal in several neuropsychiatric disorders, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] this neuroimaging/cognitive tool may be useful for documentation of interference in studying cognitive control mechanisms in general, and in diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders particularly where dysfunction of cingulate cortex is expected. Another valuable application of these findings might be a new drug development in the pharmaceutical industry to design new chemical compounds and drugs which would produce brain changes that would be reflected in the interference and NAA measures (eg, in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, where dysfunction of the ACC was already revealed by fMRI and the Counting Stroop; 4 or in obsessive-compulsive disorder, where reduced levels of cingulate NAA have been found using 1 H-MRS 48 ) and as an imaging tool to study effects of these chemical compounds and drugs (eg, as a guide in pre-clinical and early clinical development of drug candidates, and as proof of the effectiveness of new drugs as well as decisions on their future development).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive interference is associated with neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate in the anterior cingulate cortex: an in vivo 1H-MRS study of the Stroop Color-Word task

et al. 2001

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The neurobiology of cognitive interference is unknown. Previous brain imaging studies using the Stroop Color-Word (SCW) task indicate involvement of the cingulate cortex cognitive division. The present study examines interrelationships between regional brain N-Acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels (as identified by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the right and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and thalamus) and cognitive interference (as measured by the SCW task) in 15 normal subjects. The results show that brain chemistry depends on cognitive interference levels (high vs low). Reduction of NAA levels was demonstrated in the right ACC (ie, cognitive midsupracallosal division) of high interference subjects, as compared to the low interference group (P Ͻ 0.01, two-tailed t-test). Chemical-cognitive relationships were analyzed by calculating correlations between regional NAA levels and the SCW task scores. Cognitive interference was highly correlated with the right anterior cingulate NAA (r = 0.76, P Ͻ 0.001), and was unrelated to other studied regional NAA, including the left ACC (P Ͻ 0.025; comparing the difference between r values in the right and left ACC). The interrelationships between NAA across brain regions were examined using correlation analysis (square matrix correlation maps), which detected different connectivity patterns between the two groups. These findings provide evidence of ACC involvement in cognitive interference suggesting a possibility of neuronal reorganization in the physiological mechanism of interference (most likely due to genetically predetermined control of the number of neurons, dendrites and receptors, and their function). We conclude that spectroscopic brain mapping of NAA, the marker of neuronal density and function, to the SCW task measures differentiates between high and low interference in normal subjects. This neuroimaging/cognitive tool may be useful for documentation of interference in studying cognitive control mechanisms, and in diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders where dysfunction of cingulate cortex is expected. Molecular Psychiatry (2001) 6, 529-539.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive interference is associated with neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate in the anterior cingulate cortex: an in vivo 1H-MRS study of the Stroop Color-Word task

et al. 2001

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“…Other parts of the network depend on task demands, such as the posterior parietal cortex and the frontal eye fields for spatial selective attention. In schizophrenia selective attention has been shown to be disturbed in a variety of tasks [43] . It has been a matter of debate whether the primary focus of the disturbance is to be found in sensory areas or in the network for top-down attentional control.…”

Section: Inner Time Consciousness -Working Memory Attention and Prepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intentionality as a Link between the Neuropsychology and the Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Kaiser¹,

Weisbrod²

2007

Psychopathology

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Cognitive deficits are an important feature of schizophrenia, particularly in the areas of working memory and executive function. However, their relationship to other clinical dimensions of the illness has remained elusive. We suggest that a phenomenological exploration of disordered intentionality in schizophrenia symptoms might provide us with a framework for understanding the role of cognitive deficits. We propose an understanding of intentionality as having a layered structure, which facilitates a mapping onto neuropsychological concepts. A disturbance of basic intentional processes can explain some of the ‘positive’ symptoms of schizophrenia. We focus on the temporal aspect of intentionality, which will be related to recent conceptions of prefrontal cortical function as the temporal organization of thought and behavior. A compensation of these basic disturbances leads to a ‘minimization of change’, which can explain some of the ‘negative’ symptoms. The compensatory strategies are thought to rely on the higher-order executive functions of the prefrontal cortex. These are also disturbed in schizophrenia, which often renders the process of compensation ineffective, leading to a fragmentation of thought and behavior. Thus the concept of intentionality might help us relate different aspects of prefrontal dysfunction to specific schizophrenic symptom clusters.

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“…Estudios previos han observado estas disociaciones entre las dos versiones cuando se mide la atención en pacientes esquizofrénicos (Boucart, Mobarek, Cuervo, & Danion, 1999). Boucart et al (1999) han señalado que existen importantes diferencias metodológicas entre las dos versiones.…”

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“…Boucart et al (1999) han señalado que existen importantes diferencias metodológicas entre las dos versiones. Mientras que en la versión computerizada los estímulos son presentado uno a uno en la pantalla, en la versión de tarjetas todos los estímulos se presentan simultáneamen-te, teniendo el sujeto que seleccionar el target actual a través de un gran número de distractores.…”

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“…Todas estas diferencias podrían sugerir que en cada versión de la tarea predominan diferentes mecanismos atencionales. Mientras que la resolución de conflicto, junto con la red atencional ejecutva, podría ser predominante en la versión computerizada (Botvinick, Nystrom, Fissell, Carter y Cohen, 1999), la localización del target y el filtraje de información distractora, función en la que el núcleo pulvinar del tálamo juega un papel importante (LaBerge y Buchsbaum, 1990), podría predominar en la versión de tarjetas (Boucart et al, 1999), estando implicada la red atencional de orientación.…”

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Sensibilidad de algunas pruebas estandarizadas para evaluar el funcionamiento de la atención ejecutiva en niños de siete años

Fuentes

González²,

Estévez³

et al. 2017

EJREP

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Introducción. La utilización de pruebas estandarizadas para la evaluación de las habilidades atencionales, es una práctica habitual dentro de contextos clínicos y educativos. Puesto que el concepto de atención resulta algo ambiguo, este estudio intenta examinar la relación entre algunas de estas pruebas y la atención ejecutiva, tal y como es conceptualizada en las aproxi-maciones más recientes de la neurociencia cognitiva. Método. Se administraron algunos subtests del WISC-R, la parte A y B del Trial Making Tests y la versión de tarjetas de la tarea Stroop a un grupo de niños de siete años. A continuación los niños llevaron a cabo una versión computerizada de la tarea Stroop, la cual, según algunos estudios de neuroimagen, estaría asociada con el circuito neural implicado en la aten-ción ejecutiva. Resultados. Los niños puntuaron diferencialmente únicamente en los subtests de Figuras In-completas, en Dígitos y en la parte B del Trial Making Test, produciendo diferentes patrones de interferencia en el efecto Stroop. Además, las puntuaciones obtenidas en ambas versiones de la tarea Stroop no correlacionaron. Discusión. Los resultados parecen indicar que estas pruebas son sensibles al funcionamiento de la atención ejecutiva en niños de edad escolar. Por otra parte, la ausencia de correlación entre las dos versiones de la tarea Stroop sugiere que en la versión de tarjetas los mecanismos atencionales podrían ser diferentes a los implicados en la versión informatizada.

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What is the nature of increased Stroop interference in schizophrenia?

Cited by 54 publications

References 25 publications

Cognitive interference is associated with neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate in the anterior cingulate cortex: an in vivo 1H-MRS study of the Stroop Color-Word task

Cognitive interference is associated with neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate in the anterior cingulate cortex: an in vivo 1H-MRS study of the Stroop Color-Word task

Intentionality as a Link between the Neuropsychology and the Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Sensibilidad de algunas pruebas estandarizadas para evaluar el funcionamiento de la atención ejecutiva en niños de siete años

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