What is the best way to measure waist circumference?

Rudolf, Mary; Walker, J. D.; Cole, Tim

doi:10.1080/17477160601095177

Cited by 61 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…pre-prandial and postprandial period) and it is more practical especially in winter and at busy healthcare sites. In addition, an established standard for the measurement of WC is lacking (31), and the use of WC did not improve the strength of BMI to identify high blood pressure in normal weight children and adolescents (26,32). Therefore, we suggest that NC is a better predictor in normal weight children and adolescents for elevated blood pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehypertension in Children and Adolescents: Association with Body Weight and Neck Circumference

et al. 2012

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Objective The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of neck circumference (NC) in predicting prehypertension in children and adolescents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study including 6,802 children and adolescents (3,631 boys and 3,171 girls) aged 5-18 years. Main anthropometric data and related information were collected. Results The prevalence of prehypertension was 14.4%, 16.4% and 17.1% in normal weight, overweight and obese group respectively. Among the participants with normal body mass index (BMI), higher NC was significantly associated with increased odds of prehypertension (OR: 1.439; 95% CI: 1.118 to 1.853) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI and WC. Significant associations between NC and either systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β=0.581 mmHg) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β=0.236 mmHg) were found in the linear regression. No significant ORs were observed either in overweight or in obese categories. Conclusion We concluded that additional measure of NC might expand the ability of BMI for the identification of prehypertension in normal weight children and adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehypertension in Children and Adolescents: Association with Body Weight and Neck Circumference

et al. 2012

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“…BMI (in kg/m 2 ) and FMI (in kg/m 2 ) were calculated. Waist circumference (WC) was measured by using a Seca 200 measuring tape according to standardized instructions (19). To predict change in adiposity from parental feeding, we used raw BMI, WC, and FMI at follow-up with baseline values controlled for.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child adiposity and maternal feeding practices: a longitudinal analysis

Webber

Cooke

Hill

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

168

188

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Background: Parental control has been hypothesized to cause weight gain in children by weakening self-regulatory processes. However, most studies that link control with weight have been cross-sectional, and therefore causation is uncertain. It remains possible that parental control is a response to child overweight rather than a cause. Objective: We investigated the direction of the association between parental feeding practices and children's adiposity in a longitudinal study. Design: Three subscales of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) that measure "pressure," "restriction," and "monitoring" were completed by 213 mothers of 7-9-y-old children as part of the Physical Exercise and Appetite in CHildren Study (PEACHES) and repeated by 113 mothers 3 y later. Baseline and follow-up anthropometric measurements [body mass index (BMI); fat mass index (FMI), and waist circumference (WC)] were made by researchers when the children were aged 7-9 y and 10-11 y. Results: Regression analyses showed no association between any of the CFQ scales at baseline and change in child adiposity. In contrast, higher child BMI at baseline predicted a smaller decrease in followup CFQ "monitoring" (P = 0.003) and a larger decrease in "pressure to eat" (P = 0.04) after baseline scores were controlled for. Similar results were observed for FMI and WC, although they did not reach significance for WC. There were no significant longitudinal associations between child adiposity and the CFQ "restriction" subscale. Conclusion:The results were more consistent with a "child-responsive" model whereby a mother's choice of feeding practice is influenced by her child's weight status rather than her feeding practices influencing the child's weight gain.

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“…There are, however, several limitations of WHtR: there have been few longitudinal studies on the relation of childhood WHtR to adult levels; numerous locations have been recommended for the measurement of the waist circumference 15,76 ; and the measurement error for waist circumference is greater than those for weight and height. 14,74 In addition, we have found that WHtR provides relatively little additional information (among all children) on riskfactor levels if BMI is already known.…”

Section: Circumferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Validity of BMI as an Indicator of Body Fatness and Risk Among Children

2009

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although the prevalence of childhood obesity, as assessed by BMI (kg/m 2 ), has tripled over the last 3 decades, this index is a measure of excess weight rather than excess body fatness. In this review we focus on the relation of BMI to body fatness and health risks, particularly on the ability of BMI for age Ն95th Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] percentile to identify children who have excess body fatness. We also examine whether these associations differ according to race/ethnicity and whether skinfold and circumference measurements provide additional information on body fatness or health risks. RESULTS:The accuracy of BMI varies according to the degree of body fatness. Among relatively fat children, BMI is a good indicator of excess adiposity, but differences in the BMIs of relatively thin children can be largely due to fat-free mass. Although the accuracy of BMI in identifying children with excess body fatness depends on the chosen cut points, we have found that a high BMI-for-age has a moderately high (70%-80%) sensitivity and positive predictive value, along with a high specificity (95%). Children with a high BMI are much more likely to have adverse risk factor levels and to become obese adults than are thinner children. Skinfold thicknesses and the waist circumference may be useful in identifying children with moderately elevated levels of BMI (85th to 94th percentiles) who truly have excess body fatness or adverse risk factor levels. CONCLUSION:A BMI for age at Ն95th percentile of the CDC reference population is a moderately sensitive and a specific indicator of excess adiposity among children.

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What is the best way to measure waist circumference?

Cited by 61 publications

References 8 publications

Prehypertension in Children and Adolescents: Association with Body Weight and Neck Circumference

Prehypertension in Children and Adolescents: Association with Body Weight and Neck Circumference

Child adiposity and maternal feeding practices: a longitudinal analysis

The Validity of BMI as an Indicator of Body Fatness and Risk Among Children

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