What functional strategies drive drought survival and recovery of perennial species from upland grassland?

Zwicke, Marine; Picon‐Cochard, Catherine; Morvan‐Bertrand, Annette; Prud'Homme, Marie-Pascale; Volaire, Florence

doi:10.1093/aob/mcv037

Cited by 108 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Since various plant species are affected differently by abiotic stresses, competition in plant communities (e.g. in grasslands or forests) may be altered under drought or heat and influence species composition (Gilgen et al, 2010;AbdeElgawad et al, 2015;Zwicke et al, 2015). Especially a shift in favor of weeds and invasive species may cause serious problems (Gilgen et al, 2010;Godoy et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A complex regulation network must be analyzed to identify metabolic adaptations in a comprehensive manner (Fortunati et al, 2008;Centritto et al, 2011;Vaseva and Feller, 2013;Jagadish et al, 2014;Zwicke et al, 2015). Several key proteins involved in drought or heat stress tolerance were identified and studies including modern proteomics may allow a deeper insight into regulatory mechanisms and may allow to identify additional key players in plant stress responses (Priest et al, 2014 ;Song et al, 2014 ;Simova-Stoilova et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decrease in net CO2 assimilation during a heat period is initially reversible, but depending on the leaf temperature reached and the duration of the stress it may be only partially reversible or even irreversible (Haldimann andFeller, 2004, 2005;Haldimann et al, 2008;Vassileva et al, 2009;Cano et al, 2014;Zwicke et al, 2015). The performance of a crop depends on the processes during a stress period as well as during the pre-stress phase and during a subsequent recovery phase after the stress period.…”

Section: Net Co2 Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drought stress and carbon assimilation in a warming climate: Reversible and irreversible impacts

Feller

2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

119

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Global change is characterized by increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, increasing average temperature and more frequent extreme events including drought periods, heat waves and flooding. Especially the impacts of drought and of elevated temperature on carbon assimilation are considered in this review. Effects of extreme events on the subcellular level as well as on the whole plant level may be reversible, partially reversible or irreversible. The photosynthetically active biomass depends on the number and the size of mature leaves and the photosynthetic activity in this biomass during stress and subsequent recovery phases. The total area of active leaves is determined by leaf expansion and senescence, while net photosynthesis per leaf area is primarily influenced by stomatal opening (stomatal conductance), mesophyll conductance, activity of the photosynthetic apparatus (light absorption and electron transport, activity of the Calvin cycle) and CO2 release by decarboxylation reactions (photorespiration, dark respiration). Water status, stomatal opening and leaf temperature represent a "magic triangle" of three strongly interacting parameters. The response of stomata to altered environmental conditions is important for stomatal limitations. Rubisco protein is quite thermotolerant, but the enzyme becomes at elevated temperature more rapidly inactivated (decarbamylation, reversible effect) and must be reactivated by Rubisco activase (carbamylation of a lysine residue). Rubisco activase is present under two forms (encoded by separate genes or products of alternative splicing of the premRNA from one gene) and is very thermosensitive. Rubisco activase was identified as a key protein for photosynthesis at elevated temperature (non-stomatal limitation). During a moderate heat stress Rubisco activase is reversibly inactivated, but during a more severe stress (higher temperature and/or longer exposure) the protein is irreversibly inactivated, insolubilized and finally degraded. On the level of the leaf, this loss of photosynthetic activity may still be reversible when new Rubisco activase is produced by protein synthesis. Rubisco activase as well as enzymes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species or in osmoregulation are considered as important targets for breeding crop plants which are still productive under drought and/or at elevated leaf temperature in a changing climate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Net Co2 Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drought stress and carbon assimilation in a warming climate: Reversible and irreversible impacts

Feller

2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

119

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“…See Fig. 3 for species codes turn could rank grass species along gradients, such as from conservative-strategy to acquisitive one with, respectively, deep and coarse root system or shallow and thin root system (Fort et al 2013), or also could discriminate for drought tolerance (Craine et al 2012) or dehydration avoidance (Zwicke et al 2015). Going further on roots traits appears also promising in order to better understand below-ground processes as shown by recent studies (see Ke et al 2015;Legay et al 2014;Grigulis et al 2013).…”

Section: From Empirical To Predictive Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grass strategies and grassland community responses to environmental drivers: a review

Pontes

Maire

Schellberg

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Grassland covers about one quarter of the Earth's land area and is currently estimated to contribute to the livelihoods of over 800 million people. Grassland provides ecosystem goods and services, mainly through the provisioning of milk and meat. Therefore, the proper use of grasslands will be essential for feeding the nine billion people that will inhabit planet Earth by 2050. In the context of a changing climate, we should better understand the interactions of environment, management and grass crop at individual, community and ecosystem levels. Functional ecology focuses on the roles and functions that species play in the community or ecosystem in which they occur. Functional ecology thus aims to understand how plant species adapt to environmental conditions and how management can alter this adaptation. Here, we review the latest advances in plant functional traits research and on species strategies to the main environmental factors occurring in grassland ecosystems: nutrient availability, grazing, cutting and shading. Functional ecology also provides a framework to better understand how species strategies interact with the species composition at the community level. Therefore, the literature on community assembling theories in relation to ecosystem processes most relevant to grassland management and services is also reviewed. Finally, future research questions and some new orientations for grassland experts are offered in order to meet the challenge of maintaining productivity and preservation of these semi-natural environments in the face of global change.

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“…Plant responses resulting in survival under severe drought, however, are mainly associated with growth cessation, dehydration avoidance and tolerance occurring in young tissues including basal meristematic tissues. When conditions improve, the surviving meristems can generate new leaves if the adult leaves are dead (Van Peer et al, 2004;Zwicke et al, 2015). In some species and genotypes from very dry areas, survival of basal meristematic tissues is achieved through summer dormancy (Volaire and Norton, 2006).…”

Section: Breeding For the Future Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

How can forage production in Nordic and Mediterranean Europe adapt to the challenges and opportunities arising from climate change?

Ergon

Seddaiu

Korhonen

et al. 2018

European Journal of Agronomy

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Climate change and its eﬀects on grassland productivity vary across Europe. The Mediterranean and Nordic regions represent the opposite ends of a gradient of changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, with increasingly warmer and wetter winters in the north and increasingly warmer and drier summers in the south. Warming and elevated concentration of atmospheric CO2 may boost forage production in the Nordic region. Production in many Mediterranean areas is likely to become even more challenged by drought in the future, but elevated CO2 can to some extent alleviate drought limitation on photosynthesis and growth. In both regions, climate change will aﬀect forage quality and lead to modiﬁcations of the annual productivity cycles, with an extended growing season in the Nordic region and a shift towards winter in the Mediterranean region. This will require adaptations in defoliation and fertilization strategies. The identity of species and mixtures with optimal performance is likelyto shift somewhat inresponse to altered climate and management systems. Itis argued that breeding of grassland species should aimto (i) improve plantstrategies to cope with relevant abiotic stresses and (ii) optimize growth and phenology to new seasonal variation, and that plant diversity at all levels is a good adaptation strategy

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What functional strategies drive drought survival and recovery of perennial species from upland grassland?

Cited by 108 publications

References 90 publications

Drought stress and carbon assimilation in a warming climate: Reversible and irreversible impacts

Drought stress and carbon assimilation in a warming climate: Reversible and irreversible impacts

Grass strategies and grassland community responses to environmental drivers: a review

How can forage production in Nordic and Mediterranean Europe adapt to the challenges and opportunities arising from climate change?

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