What are the drivers of microplastic toxicity? Comparing the toxicity of plastic chemicals and particles to Daphnia magna

Zimmermann, Lisa; Göttlich, Sarah; Oehlmann, Jörg; Wagner, Martin; Völker, Carolin

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115392

Cited by 236 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…15,16 Moreover, where the toxicity of the plastic is studied empirically, there is oen a distinct lack of material characterisation and identication or quantication of the additives present. [17][18][19][20][21] To this end, we present a compilation of data derived in our laboratory from X-ray uorescence analyses on the relative abundance of PVC in both consumer plastics and plastics lost to the environment (environmental plastics). Specically, we report and compare the degree of chlorination and concentrations of metals (including the metalloid antimony, Sb) used in stabilising additives and halogenated ame retardant synergists in consumer and environmental samples of PVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyvinyl chloride in consumer and environmental plastics, with a particular focus on metal-based additives

Turner

Filella

2021

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyvinyl chloride in consumer and environmental plastics, with a particular focus on metal-based additives

Turner

Filella

2021

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…Further challenges in assessing microplastics toxicity are the lack of standardized, environmentally realistic mixture samples, and the selection of natural particles as controls [72]. Finally, determining the drivers of microplastics toxicity (e.g., physical, chemical) is difficult [73], as exemplified by the association of PFAS with plastic [74]. upward trend in both plastic production and environmental detection [88][89][90]; and persistence [75,87].…”

Section: Plastics and Pfas Are Forevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the environmental and health impacts of microplastics requires open collaboration between diverse sectors

2021

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Public concern over the environmental and public health impacts of the emerging contaminant class “microplastics” has recently prompted government agencies to consider mitigation efforts. Microplastics do not easily fit within traditional risk-based regulatory frameworks because their persistence and extreme diversity (of size, shape, and chemical properties associated with sorbed chemicals) result in high levels of uncertainty in hazard and exposure estimates. Due to these serious complexities, addressing microplastics’ impacts requires open collaboration between scientists, regulators, and policymakers. Here we describe ongoing international mitigation efforts, with California as a case study, and draw lessons from a similarly diverse and environmentally persistent class of emerging contaminants (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) that is already disrupting traditional regulatory paradigms, discuss strategies to address challenges associated with developing health-protective regulations and policies related to microplastics, and suggest ways to maximize impacts of research.

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“…The results reveal that freshwater microalgae are organisms sensitive to the exposure of microplastics, indicating that the presence of this contaminant in aquatic environments can influence their growth. One factor that should not be disregarded when analyzing growth inhibition in algae is that it can be triggered by the presence of additives, such as pigments, plasticizers, flame retardants, and antimicrobials present in microplastics, and not directly by the polymeric structure, a hypothesis raised by Chen et al (2020a) and pointed out in studies on other test organisms (Browne et al 2013;Cole et al 2013;Nobre et al 2015;Rochman et al 2019;Zimmermann et al 2020).…”

Section: Growth Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics and freshwater microalgae: what do we know so far?

2021

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The constant entry of microplastics in several environmental matrices has been of great concern to the scientific community and to society in general, mainly due to the mysteries that surround the implications of this pollutant in the environment. Freshwater ecosystems are resources especially susceptible to variations in environmental quality, and the lack of data on the impacts caused by plastic fragments exacerbates the vulnerability of this environment. Considering the results of other studies, which demonstrate the increasing entry of polymeric fragments in the aquatic environment can lead to algae growth inhibition, an investigation was carried out to determine the current state of research on the interaction between microplastics and freshwater microalgae. In total, 20 scientific articles were analyzed. Different species were subjected to toxicological tests under controlled conditions in the laboratory with small microplastics (size range between 0.1 and 1000 lm), primary and secondary microplastics of different types of polymer. Four toxicity class of indicators were chosen to assess the microalgae response to exposure to microplastic in the selected studies: growth inhibition; photosynthetic activity; pigment analysis; and enzymatic activity and oxidative stress. In this review, a critical analysis is made on the effects of the shape, size, concentration, and duration of exposure to microplastics and research gaps are identified to guide future research priorities in this area of study.

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What are the drivers of microplastic toxicity? Comparing the toxicity of plastic chemicals and particles to Daphnia magna

Cited by 236 publications

References 34 publications

Polyvinyl chloride in consumer and environmental plastics, with a particular focus on metal-based additives

Polyvinyl chloride in consumer and environmental plastics, with a particular focus on metal-based additives

Addressing the environmental and health impacts of microplastics requires open collaboration between diverse sectors

Microplastics and freshwater microalgae: what do we know so far?

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