Were large carnivorans and great climatic shifts limiting factors for hominin dispersals? Evidence of the activity of Pachycrocuta brevirostris during the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution in the Vallparadís Section (Vallès-Penedès Basin, Iberian Peninsula)

Madurell‐Malapeira, Joan; Alba, David M.; Espigares, M. Patrocinio; Vinuesa, Víctor; Palmqvist, Paul; Martı́nez-Navarro, Bienvenido; Moyà‐Solà, Salvador

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.07.040

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Dates and dating methods for major sites discussed in the text are provided in the online supplementary Table 1. This review is focused on ungulates, proboscideans and carnivores, all of which have been recorded in the Arabian Pleistocene fossil record and are known to significantly impact human behaviour (Belmaker, 2017b;Lewis, 2017;Madurell-Malapeira et al, 2017). We restrict this review to the Middle and Late Pleistocene, although the late Early Pleistocene is also considered following Potts and Deino (1.2-0.7 Ma; to capture changes associated with the Middle Pleistocene Transition (MPT; ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle and Late Pleistocene mammal fossils of Arabia and surrounding regions: Implications for biogeography and hominin dispersals

Stewart

Louys

Price

et al. 2019

Quaternary International

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Plio-Pleistocene faunal turnovers and their implications for hominin dispersals have recently received considerable attention. Exploration and palaeontological study of faunal exchanges has traditionally centred on East Africa, North Africa and the Levant in Southwest Asia. Despite this attention, considerable debate surrounding the timings, rates, and directions of hominin dispersals remain. Notwithstanding its close geographical proximity to these regions and a landmass of over 3 million km2, the Arabian Peninsula has largely been excluded from these discussions, mostly owing to the paucity of its Pleistocene vertebrate record. However, recent palaeoenvironmental studies have demonstrated that Arabia experienced periods of climatic amelioration during the Pleistocene, resulting in the establishment of large, perennial water sources and open-grasslands; conditions vastly different than today. This interpretation is further underpinned by archaeological and palaeontological data, and it is now clear this region is important for understanding faunal and hominin movements between Africa and Eurasia. Examination of the Arabian Middle to Late Pleistocene fossil record in a biogeographical context indicates the composite nature of the Arabian faunal record, with Eurasian and African intrusions present in addition to well-established endemics. Open grassland habitats and taxonomic similarities between Pleistocene Arabia on the one hand, and the Levant and Africa on the other, suggests that hominin dispersal into Arabia did not require significant behavioural and/or technological innovations, while subsequent climatic deterioration likely resulted in hominin retreat/extirpation

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle and Late Pleistocene mammal fossils of Arabia and surrounding regions: Implications for biogeography and hominin dispersals

Stewart

Louys

Price

et al. 2019

Quaternary International

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“…The co-occurrences of both species along their dispersal routes together with some other large-sized carnivore taxa, for instance the dirk-toothed cat of African origin Megantereon whitei (Broom, 1937) 38,39 , suggest that the ecological conditions favoured the dispersal of these species at that time. Large-sized carnivorans like this felid has been recognized as important supplier of scavengeable resources for the hominins in direct competition with the large-sized scavenger Pachycrocuta brevirostris 40,41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The early hunting dog from Dmanisi with comments on the social behaviour in Canidae and hominins

Lucenti

Madurell‐Malapeira

Martı́nez-Navarro

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The renowned site of Dmanisi in Georgia, southern Caucasus (ca. 1.8 Ma) yielded the earliest direct evidence of hominin presence out of Africa. In this paper, we report on the first record of a large-sized canid from this site, namely dentognathic remains, referable to a young adult individual that displays hypercarnivorous features (e.g., the reduction of the m1 metaconid and entoconid) that allow us to include these specimens in the hypodigm of the late Early Pleistocene species Canis (Xenocyon) lycaonoides. Much fossil evidence suggests that this species was a cooperative pack-hunter that, unlike other large-sized canids, was capable of social care toward kin and non-kin members of its group. This rather derived hypercarnivorous canid, which has an East Asian origin, shows one of its earliest records at Dmanisi in the Caucasus, at the gates of Europe. Interestingly, its dispersal from Asia to Europe and Africa followed a parallel route to that of hominins, but in the opposite direction. Hominins and hunting dogs, both recorded in Dmanisi at the beginning of their dispersal across the Old World, are the only two Early Pleistocene mammal species with proved altruistic behaviour towards their group members, an issue discussed over more than one century in evolutionary biology.

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“…The co-occurrences of both species along their dispersal routes together with some other large-sized carnivore taxa, for instance the dirk-toothed cat of African origin Megantereon whitei (Broom, 1937), suggest that the ecological conditions favoured the dispersal of these species at that time. Large-sized carnivorans like this felid has been recognized as important supplier of scavengeable resources for the hominins in direct competition with the supercarrion-eater Pachycrocuta brevirostris 34,35 . Social behaviour of Canis (Xenocyon) and Homo in the late Early Pleistocene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first hunting dog from Dmanisi: comments of social behaviour in Canidae and hominins

Lucenti¹,

Madurell‐Malapeira²,

Martı́nez-Navarro³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The renowned site of Dmanisi in Georgia, southern Caucasus (ca. 1.8 Ma) yielded the earliest direct evidence of hominin presence out of Africa. In this paper, we report the first record of a large-sized canid from this site, namely dentognathic remains, referable to a young adult individual that displays hypercarnivorous features (e.g., the reduction of m1 metaconid and entoconid) that allow us to include these specimens in the hypodigm of the late Early Pleistocene European species Canis (Xenocyon) lycaonoides. Much fossil evidence suggests that this species was a cooperative pack-hunter that, unlike other large-sized canids, was capable of social care toward kin and non-kin members of its group. Interestingly, this rather derived hypercarnivorous canid attests to one of the earliest records in Dmanisi. Its dispersal from Asia to Europe and Africa followed a parallel route to that of hominins, but in the opposite direction. Hominins and hunting dogs, both recorded in Dmanisi at the beginning of their dispersal across the Old World, are the only two Early Pleistocene mammal species with proved altruistic behaviour towards their group members, an issue discussed over more than one century in evolutionary biology.

show abstract

Were large carnivorans and great climatic shifts limiting factors for hominin dispersals? Evidence of the activity of Pachycrocuta brevirostris during the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution in the Vallparadís Section (Vallès-Penedès Basin, Iberian Peninsula)

Cited by 41 publications

References 39 publications

Middle and Late Pleistocene mammal fossils of Arabia and surrounding regions: Implications for biogeography and hominin dispersals

Middle and Late Pleistocene mammal fossils of Arabia and surrounding regions: Implications for biogeography and hominin dispersals

The early hunting dog from Dmanisi with comments on the social behaviour in Canidae and hominins

The first hunting dog from Dmanisi: comments of social behaviour in Canidae and hominins

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