Weight Loss and Exercise Differentially Affect Insulin Sensitivity, Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Muscle Strength in Older Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Brennan, Andrea M.; Standley, Robert A.; Anthony, Steven J.; Grench, Kory; Helbling, Nicole L.; DeLany, James P.; Cornnell, Heather H.; Yi, Fanchao; Stefanović-Račić, Maja; Toledo, Frederico G.S.; Coen, Paul M.; Carnero, Elvis Á.; Goodpaster, Bret H.

doi:10.1093/gerona/glab240

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, weight loss alone decreased lean mass and strength. Therefore, cardiometabolic benefits of weight loss may not occur with weight loss alone 37 . In our study, participants were not advised to do more physical activity and were not supported to change their usual physical activity habits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oral magnesium supplement on cardiometabolic markers in people with prediabetes: a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Salehidoost

Boroujeni

Feizi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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To evaluate the effect of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance and cardiovascular markers in people with prediabetes. A 12 week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Iran, on people with prediabetes (n = 86) to compare the effects of magnesium oxide 250 mg/day versus a placebo on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index, C-reactive protein, uric acid and lipid profile. Both groups had similar distributions of anthropometric and biochemical variables at baseline. Those who received magnesium supplementation had significantly higher levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to the placebo group at the end of the study (49.7 ± 10.9 vs 43.6 ± 7.2 mg/dL, P = 0.003). The mean changes of HOMA-IR index, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid and C-reactive protein levels as well as anthropometric indices and blood pressure in supplemented and placebo groups did not differ significantly. Magnesium supplementation increased HDL-cholesterol levels in people with prediabetes. However, other cardiometabolic markers were not improved by magnesium supplementation at the above dosage and duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oral magnesium supplement on cardiometabolic markers in people with prediabetes: a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Salehidoost

Boroujeni

Feizi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Hence, we used the TAS1R2-Ile191Val variant to translate the mouse TAS1R2 findings to humans. We performed a retrospective analysis of a randomized interventional study conducted in older obese individuals as this study specifically assessed several measured variables associated with muscle mass, strength, mitochondrial capacity and aerobic performance 28,29 . This approach was necessary to enable direct comparisons between the human and rodent loss-of-function phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ablation of TAS1R2 in mice produced a robust exercise-trained phenotype and preserved muscle function in obese or aged mice. To translate this finding to humans, we evaluated the impact of TAS1R2-Ile191Val partial loss-of function variant 26,27 in older obese individuals who participated in a 6-month trial of diet-induced weight loss with exercise training (WLEX), diet-induced weight loss alone (WL), or an education control (CON) 28,29 . Participants within each group were retrospectively genotyped and classified as Ile/Ile (i.e., TAS1R2 conventional function) or Val/_ (i.e., TAS1R2 partial loss-of-function).…”

Section: Partial Loss-of-function Of Tas1r2 In Humans Recapitulates T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The TAS1R2 sweet taste receptor regulates skeletal muscle mass and fitness

Kyriazis

Serrano

Boyd

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Muscle fitness and mass deteriorate under the conditions of obesity and aging for reasons yet to be fully elucidated. Herein, we describe a novel pathway linking peripheral nutrient sensing and skeletal muscle function through the sweet taste receptor TAS1R2 and the involvement of ERK2-PARP1-NAD signaling axis. Muscle-specific deletion of TAS1R2 (mKO) in mice produced elevated NAD levels due to suppressed PARP1 activity, improved mitochondrial function, increased muscle mass and strength, and prolonged running endurance. Deletion of TAS1R2 in obese or aged mice also ameliorated the decline in muscle mass and fitness arising from these conditions. Remarkably, partial loss-of-function of TAS1R2 (rs35874116) in older, obese humans recapitulated the healthier muscle phenotype displayed by mKO mice in response to exercise training. Our findings show that inhibition of the TAS1R2 signaling in skeletal muscle is a promising therapeutic approach to preserve muscle mass and function.

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“…Therefore, interventions (e.g. behavioral interventions on sleep or weight) are required to prevent or intervene with metabolic disorders to delay muscle strength decline and the progression of dynapenic obesity [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep duration affects the sequential change of body mass index and muscle strength: a contribution to dynapenic obesity

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

BMC Geriatr

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Background With aging, body mass index (BMI) increases and muscle strength declines, resulting in dynapenic obesity. It remains unknown whether and how sleep duration contributes to the sequence of BMI and muscle strength change in the progression of dynapenic obesity. Methods Data were derived from the first two waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Sleep duration was self-reported. BMI was calculated and grip strength (GS) was measured to reflect muscle strength. The effect of baseline sleep duration on the sequential change of BMI and GS was assessed using two mediation models considering the nonlinear associations between them. The moderating effect of metabolic disorder was also tested. Results Totally 4986 participants aged ≥ 50 years (50.8% females) with complete information on variables were included. Baseline BMI fully mediated the nonlinear association between sleep duration and follow-up GS change, but baseline GS did not mediate between sleep duration and follow-up BMI change for older men and women. Short sleep duration positively affected BMI-induced GS change (β = 0.038; 95%CI, 0.015–0.074), while this favorable effect became nonsignificant for moderate sleep duration (β = 0.008; 95% CI, -0.003–0.024) and turned negative with prolonged sleep duration (β = − 0.022; 95%CI, − 0.051 to − 0.003). This nonlinear mediation effect was more pronounced in older women who are relatively metabolically healthy at baseline. Conclusion For older adults in China, the influence of sleep duration on BMI-induced GS change but not the GS-induced BMI change suggested the contribution of sleep duration to the sequential course in the progression of dynapenic obesity. Sleep duration deviated either above or below normal range may confer adverse impact on GS through BMI. Strategies addressing sleep and obesity jointly to improve muscle function and delay the progression of dynapenic obesity are required.

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Weight Loss and Exercise Differentially Affect Insulin Sensitivity, Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Muscle Strength in Older Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of oral magnesium supplement on cardiometabolic markers in people with prediabetes: a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Effect of oral magnesium supplement on cardiometabolic markers in people with prediabetes: a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial

The TAS1R2 sweet taste receptor regulates skeletal muscle mass and fitness

Sleep duration affects the sequential change of body mass index and muscle strength: a contribution to dynapenic obesity

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