Weight gain and increased central obesity in the early phase of Parkinson's disease

Vikdahl, Magdalena; Carlsson, Maine; Lindér, Jan; Forsgren, Lars; Håglin, Lena

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.12.012

Cited by 60 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In PD patients an association between decreased cognition, assessed with the MMSE, and weight loss or malnutrition has been reported (Lorefält et al, 2004;Sheard, Ash, Mellick, et al, 2013;Sheard, Ash, Silburn, et al 2013;Uc et al, 2006;Vikdahl et al, 2014), although not consistently (see e.g., Fiszer et al, 2010;Jaafar, Gray, Porter, Turnbull, & Walker, 2010). The decline of cognitive functions assessed with the MMSE was found to be faster in a period of three years in a group of patients with PD exhibiting BMI loss compared with a group of PD patients with stable BMI (Kim et al, 2012).…”

Section: Cognition and Moodmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It has been suggested that carbohydrates and sweets, through insulin, may increase brain dopamine as a sort of compensatory mechanisms for dopamine loss associated with the disease (Adén et al, 2011). Interestingly, a study evaluating weight and similarly eating habits in PD patients confirmed that the quality of the diet, rather than the total energy intake, might have influenced their weight change (weight gain) (Vikdahl et al, 2014). Indeed, in the latter study, patients' reports showed a diet characterized by a higher energy intake of carbohydrate and a decreased intake of protein compared to controls.…”

Section: Dietary Habits and Food Intakementioning

confidence: 91%

“…In particular, Giorelli et al showed that diagnosis-naïve PD patients reported significant weight changes at 1 year from the initial evaluation, compared to a group of patients with essential tremor evaluated after the same period of time, while Vikdahl et al (2014) observed that, after three years from the first diagnosis, 48 patients (out of 58 PD) gained weight and fat mass while 10 lost weight after the same period (for more longitudinal studies see Table 1). These results suggest that there seem to be individual differences in weight regulation among patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters involved in feeding behaviours and several studies support its role in the regulation of food intake since it modulates the rewarding properties of food and the motivation for food intake (Narayanan, Guarnieri, & DiLeone, 2010;Palmiter, 2007;Volkow, Wang, & Baler, 2011). Even if an altered level of dopamine has been showed to alter food intake, not all studies are consistent in reporting an association between weight alterations and L-dopa treatment or dopaminergic agonists (Bachmann et al, 2009;Kumru, Santamaria, Valldeoriola, Marti, & Tolosa, 2006;Pålhagen et al, 2005 but see Sharma & Turton, 2012;Vikdahl et al, 2014). However, in some cases, drug replacement therapy in patients with PD, especially dopamine agonists (DA), may induce compulsive eating, an uncontrollable consumption of far more food than what is necessary to alleviate hunger (Nirenberg & Waters, 2006), that, similar to pathological gambling, hypersexuality or compulsive shopping, is considered an impulse control disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Two recent longitudinal studies documented that PD patients experience weight alterations at the beginning of the disease (Giorelli et al, 2014;Vikdahl, Carlsson, Linder, Forsgren, & Håglin, 2014). In particular, Giorelli et al showed that diagnosis-naïve PD patients reported significant weight changes at 1 year from the initial evaluation, compared to a group of patients with essential tremor evaluated after the same period of time, while Vikdahl et al (2014) observed that, after three years from the first diagnosis, 48 patients (out of 58 PD) gained weight and fat mass while 10 lost weight after the same period (for more longitudinal studies see Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Body weight and food intake in Parkinson's disease. A review of the association to non-motor symptoms

2015

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Section: Cognition and Moodmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Dietary Habits and Food Intakementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Body weight and food intake in Parkinson's disease. A review of the association to non-motor symptoms

2015

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An activated sympathetic nervous system affects white adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

Meng

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2014

J of Neuroscience Research

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Weight loss is an important nonmotor symptom associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the cellular factors responsible for PD-induced weight loss remain unclear. Because the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in lipid metabolism and fat cell differentiation, this study investigates whether PD-induced changes to this system are associated with weight loss in a rat model of PD. Body weight and food intake were measured in control and PD-model rats. After 10 weeks, retroperitoneal white adipose tissues (RWAT) were removed and weighed. Markers of the sympathetic nervous system were measured in the brainstem dorsal medulla and RWAT. Free fat acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), adipocyte differentiation-related genes, and lipolysis-related molecules in the RWAT and serum were analyzed. Differences in body weight and food intake were insignificant in PD-model rats and control rats; however, relative RWAT weight and adipocyte surface area were significantly reduced in the PD group. Changes in markers of the sympathetic nervous system were observed in the brainstem dorsal medulla and RWAT of PD rats. Decreased mRNA expression levels of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, decreased TG levels in RWAT, increased FFA in RWAT, and increased lipolysis-related molecules in RWAT and serum FFA were observed in PD rats. This study demonstrates that degenerated dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system correlate with increases in sympathetic nervous system function, resulting in lipolysis and inhibition of fat cell differentiation. These factors ultimately result in the decrease of RWAT in PD-model rats.

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Changes in Body Composition Before and After Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis

Song

Luo

et al. 2021

Movement Disorders

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A BS TRACT: Background: Weight loss is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about when it starts, how PD changes as it progresses, and whether there is a differential loss of lean or fat mass. The objective of this study was to examine how body composition changes before and after PD diagnosis. Methods: In the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study (n = 3075; age range, 70-79 years), body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry on an annual or biennial basis from year 1 to year 10. For each PD case each year, we calculated the difference between their actual body composition measures and expected values had they not developed PD. Using linear mixed models with crossed random effects, we further examined the trend of change in body composition measures before and after PD diagnosis. Results: A total of 80 PD cases were identified in this cohort. Compared with their expected values, PD cases began to lose total and fat mass about 6-7 years before diagnosis, although the differences were not statistically significant until 3-5 years after diagnosis. The loss was substantial and persistent, with statistically significant trends of loss for total body mass (P = 0.008), fat mass (P = 0.001), and percentage fat (P < 0.001). In comparison, lean mass was stable throughout the follow-up (P = 0.16). Overall, 96% of the body mass loss in PD cases was from the loss of fat mass. Conclusions: In this longitudinal analysis with objective measures of body composition, we found persistent weight loss in PD cases, predominantly in fat mass, starting a few years before diagnosis.

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Weight gain and increased central obesity in the early phase of Parkinson's disease

Cited by 60 publications

References 26 publications

Body weight and food intake in Parkinson's disease. A review of the association to non-motor symptoms

Body weight and food intake in Parkinson's disease. A review of the association to non-motor symptoms

An activated sympathetic nervous system affects white adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

Changes in Body Composition Before and After Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis

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