Weed communities in intensified cereal‐based cropping systems of the northern Guinea savanna

Weber, G.; Elemo, K. A.; Lagoke, S. T. O.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1995.tb02030.x

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The weed flora in crop fields of eastern Ethiopia was dominated by rather few species, which is a common phenomenon in intensified farming systems (Phillips, 1992; Salonen, 1993; Weber et al ., 1995). Only 11 species occurred with a frequency ≥30%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed flora in arable fields of eastern Ethiopia with emphasis on the occurrence of Parthenium hysterophorus

2000

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An exploratory weed survey was carried out on 240 crop ®elds in eastern Ethiopia to assess the in¯uence of some environmental and crop management factors on weed species composition and distribution, and to investigate the association of the recently introduced Parthenium hysterophorus L. with other components of the weed¯ora. A total of 102 weed taxa belonging to 36 plant families were recorded. Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae were the most abundant families based on the number of species recorded. Digitaria abyssinica (Hochst. Ex A. Rich) Stapf was the most frequent species (63%) and Parthenium hysterophorus the second most frequent (54%). The latter species was ranked as the most important weed by 90% of the farmers in the lowlands while 86% of the farmers in the highlands ranked the former species as the worst weed. According to a partial canonical correspondence analysis (pCCA), altitude, rainfall, month of planting, number of weedings and soil type were the major environmental/crop management factors in¯uencing the species distribution in the study area. The ®rst pCCA axis clearly structured highland and lowland weed species while the second axis distinguished those species that grow on sandy soils. Parthenium hysterophorus has, in a very short time period, emerged as one of the most troublesome weed species in eastern Ethiopia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed flora in arable fields of eastern Ethiopia with emphasis on the occurrence of Parthenium hysterophorus

2000

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“…The same person at all sites and dates estimated the ground coverage. Visual estimation of crop and weed coverage is frequently used in scientific experiments (Miller and Callihan, 1995; Weber et al, 1995; Brandsæter et al, 1998). At A ˚ s, the assessments were done every second week during the summer and autumn in 1993, at Jæren and Løken only on the dates of biomass measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Annual Legumes for Use as Cover Crops in Row Crops in Northern Regions

Brandsæter¹,

Netland²

1999

Crop Science

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Weed suppression is one of several benefits achieved by including a cover crop in a cropping system. A requirement for developing cover crop systems is to find species and cultivars which are adapted for the local climate and latitude, prevent weed infestation, and do not compete with the main crop. Two experimental series were established at three locations in Norway to evaluate the ability of different species for use as cover crops in vegetable production. The first series of experiments was with subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) cultivars sown at different dates throughout the summer and the second with different winter annual legume species sown in late summer. Winter hardiness, life cycle, growth characteristics, and weed suppression ability of winter annual legumes sown in the autumn were studied. The experiments showed the following ranking of winter hardiness: hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) (best), black medic (Medicago lupulina L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and subclover (poorest). Time of flowering and senescence, factors related to competition in cover crop systems, showed that subclover was the most promising species followed by crimson clover and hairy vetch–black medic. The winter annual legume species showed the ability for natural reestablishment in the second autumn. Hairy vetch showed the highest biomass production, the lowest regrowth ability after mowing, and the best weed suppression. Subclover showed a very promising life cycle for the use as living mulch; however, more winter hardy cultivars or species with similar growth characteristic are needed before common commercial use in northern regions. In conclusion, until more suitable species or cultivars are found or developed through plant breeding, hairy vetch is the most promising winter annual cover crop under Norwegian conditions.

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“…Weed growth and weed control are major constraints to the continuous cultivation of land in the tropics and represent a significant factor in farmers' decisions regarding abandoning land to fallow in shifting cultivation systems (Nye & Greenland, 1960; Moody, 1975; Dvorak, 1993). A number of studies have documented the increased weeding requirements of land where cropping periods are extended (Moody, 1975; Amanor, 1994; De Rouw, 1995; Weber et al ., 1995; Akobundu et al ., 1999). Weed management therefore presents a significant challenge to the intensification of west African farming systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of cropping on weed species composition in rice after fallow across a hydrological gradient in west Africa

Johnson

Kent

2002

Weed Research

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In a 5-year experiment, weed species composition in rice was recorded at different positions along the toposequence, from the rain-fed upland to the irrigated valley bottom. A total of 107 species was recorded, 70 of which occurred in more than 1% of the total of 465 samples. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to explore the changes in weed flora over time in the different ricegrowing environments. There were substantial differences in the composition of weed flora between the differing environments and years. On the upland sites, there was a pronounced shift from perennial grasses, including Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel and Pennisetum purpureum Schum., to annual grass weeds, such as Digitaria horizontalis Willd., Chloris pilosa Schum. and Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. The forbs Boerhavia spp. and Euphorbia heterophylla L. also increased in abundance, whereas others, such as Aspilia bussei Hoffm. & Muschl. and Laggera aurita (L.f.) Sch. Bip. ex C. B. Clarke, declined. The total number of species in the upland site declined from 30 to 11 between 1992 and 1996 compared with 11 to eight species in the same period in the irrigated lowlands. Although the numbers of species recorded in the lowlands were lower and more stable over time, there was an increase in problem grass weeds, such as Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth.) Schult. in the irrigated lowlands and Leersia hexandra Sw. in the rain-fed lowlands.

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Weed communities in intensified cereal‐based cropping systems of the northern Guinea savanna

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Weed flora in arable fields of eastern Ethiopia with emphasis on the occurrence of Parthenium hysterophorus

Weed flora in arable fields of eastern Ethiopia with emphasis on the occurrence of Parthenium hysterophorus

Winter Annual Legumes for Use as Cover Crops in Row Crops in Northern Regions

The impact of cropping on weed species composition in rice after fallow across a hydrological gradient in west Africa

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