“…A number of user-friendly and free libraries make it possible to apply ML tools to a large variety of problems. Software such as TensorFlow from Google (Abadi et al, 2015), AWS from Amazon (Herrero et al, 2011), Azure from Microsoft (Dudley and Duchene, 2010), or PyTorch from Facebook's AI Research Lab (Paszke et al, 2019) have allowed a proliferation of ML applications to space physics problems. A couple of years ago the SWMF team reached out to data science, machine learning and computer vision experts at the University of Michigan and we forged a new collaboration to bring advanced data science methods to space weather modeling.…”