Web-based primer design for single nucleotide polymorphism analysis

147

162

Stem cells are defined by their ability to self-renew and produce daughter cells that proliferate and mature. These maturing cells transition from a proliferative state to a terminal state through the process of differentiation. In the Arabidopsis thaliana root the transcription factors SCARECROW and SHORTROOT regulate specification of the bipotent stem cell that gives rise to cortical and endodermal progenitors. Subsequent progenitor proliferation and differentiation generate mature endodermis, marked by the Casparian strip, a cell-wall modification that prevents ion diffusion into and out of the vasculature. We identified a transcription factor, MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 36 (MYB36), that regulates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in the endodermis. We show that SCARECROW directly activates MYB36 expression, and that MYB36 likely acts in a feed-forward loop to regulate essential Casparian strip formation genes. We show that myb36 mutants have delayed and defective barrier formation as well as extra divisions in the meristem. Our results demonstrate that MYB36 is a critical positive regulator of differentiation and negative regulator of cell proliferation.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MYB36 regulates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in the Arabidopsis root

Liberman

Sparks

Moreno-Risueño

et al. 2015

147

162

“…Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distinguishing two major FLC haplotype groups were identified from A. thaliana sequences. Genotyping of two SNPs was carried out by using dCAPS (33) in 353 ecotypes (Table 4, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site). Previously identified transposon insertions as well as a Col-0 repeat (34,35) were also genotyped.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Molecular Population Genetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epistatic interaction between Arabidopsis FRI and FLC flowering time genes generates a latitudinal cline in a life history trait

Caicedo

Stinchcombe

Olsen

et al. 2004

344

366

Epistatic gene interactions are believed to be a major factor in the genetic architecture of evolutionary diversification. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the FRI and FLC genes mechanistically interact to control flowering time, and here we show that this epistatic interaction also contributes to a latitudinal cline in this life history trait within the species. rosette leaf number ͉ alternative splicing ͉ linkage disequilibrium ͉ epistatic selection ͉ candidate gene association

“…Derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence primers (23) were designed with the DCAPS FINDER 2.0 software (24) with one or two mismatches in the wild-type sequence for elo1, elo4͞drl1-4, and elo2 (Table 3, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elongata mutants identify a functional Elongator complex in plants with a role in cell proliferation during organ growth

Nelissen

Fleury

Bruno

et al. 2005

151

238

The key enzyme for transcription of protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes is RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). The recruitment of this enzyme during transcription initiation and its passage along the template during transcription elongation is regulated through the association and dissociation of several complexes. Elongator is a histone acetyl transferase complex, consisting of six subunits (ELP1-ELP6), that copurifies with the elongating RNAPII in yeast and humans. We demonstrate that point mutations in three Arabidopsis thaliana genes, encoding homologs of the yeast Elongator subunits ELP1, ELP3 (histone acetyl transferase), and ELP4 are responsible for the phenotypes of the elongata2 (elo2), elo3, and elo1 mutants, respectively. The elo mutants are characterized by narrow leaves and reduced root growth that results from a decreased cell division rate. Morphological and molecular phenotypes show that the ELONGATA (ELO) genes function in the same biological process and the epistatic interactions between the ELO genes can be explained by the model of complex formation in yeast. Furthermore, the plant Elongator complex is genetically positioned in the process of RNAPII-mediated transcription downstream of Mediator. Our data indicate that the Elongator complex is evolutionarily conserved in structure and function but reveal that the mechanism by which it stimulates cell proliferation is different in yeast and plants.Arabidopsis ͉ histone acetyl transferase complex ͉ leaf development ͉ RNA polymerase II