Wear properties of sintered WC-12%Co processed via Binder Jet 3D Printing (BJ3DP)

Enneti, Ravi K.; Prough, Kevin C.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2018.10.003

Cited by 67 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In simple cuboid samples, the shrinkage can reach 22-27% as shown in Fig. 8 [79]. In samples with complex geometries, this shrinkage is anisotropic.…”

Section: Fused Filament Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In BJAM process, thin metal powder layers are distributed on the substrate and selectively bound by liquid binders sequentially (instead of melted by a heat source) to obtain a so-called green part, which has a weak strength but strong enough to maintain the 3D shape during handling. Next, a debinding step is carried out to remove the polymer binder material followed by a sintering process to form a strong metal part [78,79]. For WC-Co, the sintering temperature is usually higher than 1400°C.…”

Section: Slm and Sebmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 SEBM WC-13Co samples [41] (reproduced from [41], with permission from Elsevier, 2019) Fig. 8 Shrinkage of the BJAM printed WC-12Co part after sintering [79] (reproduced from [79], with permission from Elsevier, 2019) can lead to a more uniform structure. In contrast, WC grain aggregation occurs at low scanning speeds [103].…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The almost unavoidable defects, such as micro-cracks and porosities, and lack of Fig. 1 Relationship between WC-Co hardness and WC grain size and Co content [17] (reproduced from [17], with permission from Elsevier, 1998) WC-12Co [78,79] dimensional accuracy, prevent AM processes from being widely used for producing WC-Co parts in industry [67,95]. Post-processings, such as heat treatment, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), infiltration, and machining, are often required, resulting in additional time and cost [96,97].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals: a review

Yang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

107

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WC-Co hardmetals are widely used in wear-resistant parts, cutting tools, molds, and mining parts, owing to the combination of high hardness and high toughness. WC-Co hardmetal parts are usually produced by casting and powder metallurgy, which cannot manufacture parts with complex geometries and often require post-processing such as machining. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are able to fabricate parts with high geometric complexity and reduce post-processing. Therefore, additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals has been widely studied in recent years. In this article, the current status of additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different AM processes used for producing WC-Co parts, including selective laser melting (SLM), selective electron beam melting (SEBM), binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM), 3D gel-printing (3DGP), and fused filament fabrication (FFF) are discussed. The studies on microstructures, defects, and mechanical properties of WC-Co parts manufactured by different AM processes are reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges in additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals are pointed out and suggestions on future research are discussed.

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“…In simple cuboid samples, the shrinkage can reach 22-27% as shown in Fig. 8 [79]. In samples with complex geometries, this shrinkage is anisotropic.…”

Section: Fused Filament Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Slm and Sebmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals: a review

Yang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Binder jetting has been successfully used for printing of different metals such as stainless steel [48], titanium [49][50][51][52][53], biodegradable iron-manganese alloys [54], WC-CO hardmetals [55], superalloys [56][57][58], cobalt-chrome [59], magnetic materials [60][61][62], and high purity copper [63] that is challenging to process using beam-based AM technologies due to its optical reflectivity and high thermal conductivity.…”

Section: Binder Jettingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beamless Metal Additive Manufacturing

2020

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The propensity to manufacture functional and geometrically sophisticated parts from a wide range of metals provides the metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes superior advantages over traditional methods. The field of metal AM is currently dominated by beam-based technologies such as selective laser sintering (SLM) or electron beam melting (EBM) which have some limitations such as high production cost, residual stress and anisotropic mechanical properties induced by melting of metal powders followed by rapid solidification. So, there exist a significant gap between industrial production requirements and the qualities offered by well-established beam-based AM technologies. Therefore, beamless metal AM techniques (known as non-beam metal AM) have gained increasing attention in recent years as they have been found to be able to fill the gap and bring new possibilities. There exist a number of beamless processes with distinctively various characteristics that are either under development or already available on the market. Since this is a very promising field and there is currently no high-quality review on this topic yet, this paper aims to review the key beamless processes and their latest developments.

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Evaluating the sintering behaviors of ceramic oxide powders processed via binder jet additive manufacturing

Jimenez,

Aman,

Ehrman

et al. 2024

Int J Ceramic Engine & Sci

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Binder jet additive manufacturing is well suited for fabricating large (order of cm) and geometrically complex ceramic preforms. However, the main challenge in producing ceramic oxide parts via binder jetting is the high‐temperature postprocess tasked with eliminating internal porosity to achieve full densities. In this work, we demonstrate the ability to produce oxide ceramic parts with desirable densities by sintering binder jetted preforms. We investigate the sintering behavior of binder jetted preforms composed of three oxide powders with distinct morphologies: ball‐milled alumina, gas‐atomized silica, and sintered‐agglomerated zirconia. We fabricate the preform samples using a commercial binder jetting system and a conventional die‐pressing technique to understand the effect of starting densities. Furthermore, we parametrize the heating profiles to understand the effect of sintering temperature, sintering duration, and heating rate on each powder's densification behavior, microstructure, and phase composition. Results show the relatively low starting densities within the binder jetted preforms caused the onset sintering temperature to be higher than what is documented in conventional sintering studies. As expected, we observed sintered densities increase with respect to sintering temperature and duration. These findings were utilized to downselect sintering parameters capable of achieving high densities (>96%). Herein, this study validates the sintering of binder jetted preforms as a suitable way to manufacture ceramic parts, regardless of powder morphologies, thereby increasing the robustness of the supply chain involved in additive manufacturing of ceramic oxides.

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Wear properties of sintered WC-12%Co processed via Binder Jet 3D Printing (BJ3DP)

Cited by 67 publications

References 22 publications

Additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals: a review

Additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals: a review

Beamless Metal Additive Manufacturing

Evaluating the sintering behaviors of ceramic oxide powders processed via binder jet additive manufacturing

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