Wear Performance of Metal Materials Fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion: A Literature Review

Abstract

Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is an additive manufacturing technology used to produce metal-based materials. PBF materials have a unique microstructure as a result from repeated and sharp heating/cooling cycles. Many researches have been carried out on relations between processing parameters of the PBF technology, obtained microstructures and mechanical properties. However, there are few studies on the tribological properties of PBF materials at various contact conditions. This article describes previous and recent studies related to the friction performance. This is a critical aspect if PBF materials are applied to friction pair components. This paper discusses wear rates and wear mechanisms of PBF materials under dry friction, boundary lubrication and micro-motion conditions. PBF materials have higher hardness due to fine grains. PBF materials have a higher wear resistance than traditional materials due to their solid solution strengthening. In addition, hard particles on the surface of PBF components can effectively reduce wear. The reasonable combination of process parameters can effectively improve the density of parts and thus further improve the wear resistance. This review paper summarized the wear behavior of PBF materials, the wear mechanism of metal materials from dry friction to different lubrication conditions, and the wear behavior under fretting wear. This will help to control the processing parameters and material powder composition of parts, so as to achieve the required material properties of parts and further improve the wear performance.

Formation Mechanism of Micro- and Nanocrystalline Surface Layers in Titanium and Aluminum Alloys in Electron Beam Irradiation

“…For this purpose, we use the substitution k z k k z k An analysis of the dispersion Equation (10) has revealed that the low frequency approximation even with included thermoelectric and evaporation capillary effects cannot provide an adequate explanation why a micro-and nanodimensional cell crystallization structure forms; we seek therefore for functions of the perturbations growth rate on the base of solutions to the dispersion Equation (9). For this purpose, we use the substitution k 1 = z 1 k, k 2 = z 2 k and ω = ω ν (z 2 − 1), z 2 = (1 + Pr(z 2 1 − 1)) 1/2 . This substitution transforms the Equation 9into an algebraic equation of the 16th degree in z 1 , which is too lengthy to be given here.…”

“…The development of pulsed high intensity technologies with the purpose of improving strength and tribology characteristics of high-duty machine elements represents one of the challenging issues confronting the present-day material science [1]. The material fracture is known to arise in the surface and near-surface layers because long-ranging stresses in them exceed the material strength limit [2]. It is necessary therefore to generate such a structure in the material surface, which would ensure high strength properties.…”

“…A growth rate characteristic of perturbations on the plasma-titanium melt interface found when solving the Equation (11): (1) ignoring thermoelectric and evaporation and capillary effects,(2) including the thermoelectric effect only, (3) with regard to thermal and evaporation and capillary instabilities, (4) involving thermal, evaporation and capillarity instabilities and the thermoelectric effect.…”

“…A growth rate characteristic of perturbations on the plasma-titanium melt interface found when solving the Equation(11):(1) ignoring thermoelectric and evaporation and capillary effects, (2) including the thermoelectric effect only, (3) with regard to thermal and evaporation and capillary instabilities, (4) involving thermal, evaporation and capillarity instabilities and the thermoelectric effect.Metals 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of A growth rate characteristic of perturbations on the plasma-titanium melt interface found when solving the Equation(11):(1) ignoring thermoelectric and evaporation and capillary effects,(2) including the thermoelectric effect only, (3) with regard to thermal and evaporation and capillary instabilities, (4) involving thermal, evaporation and capillarity instabilities and the thermoelectric effect.…”

A review on tribological behaviour of mechanical components obtained by additive manufacturing

“…Qin et al [31] has presented in their review that, for the Fe alloys, the main wear mechanisms are plastic deformation and oxidation. The impact of post treatments on wear and friction behavior of such parts was also shown, and presented in figure 8(a) and figure 8(b).…”