Weak rTMS-induced electric fields produce neural entrainment in humans

Zmeykina, E.; Mittner, Matthias; Paulus, Walter; Turi, Zsolt

doi:10.31234/osf.io/k2z8u

Cited by 6 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…To test our hypotheses we performed a secondary analysis of our openly available rTMS-EEG dataset (https://github.com/ZsoltTuri/2019_rTMS-EEG). We reported the immediate electrophysiological effects elsewhere [4]. This dataset contains EEG recordings from two separate experiments (see point 2.5 for more details).…”

Section: Secondary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We included only neurologically healthy participants in the study [4]. For more details, see Table 1.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We performed all the experiments under the relevant guidelines and regulations. All participants gave written informed consent before participation [4].…”

Section: Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous work, we studied the immediate electrophysiological effects of rTMS using a novel stimulation intensity selection approach [4]. In order to individually adapt the stimulation intensities, we prospectively estimated the rTMS-induced electric field strengths [4]. Using this approach we have shown that peak absolute electric fields between ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this approach we have shown that peak absolute electric fields between ca. 35 and 50 mV /mm already induced immediate changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in humans [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-lived alpha power suppression induced by low-intensity arrhythmic rTMS

Zmeykina

Mittner

Paulus

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This study was conducted to provide a better understanding of the role of electric field strength in the production of aftereffects in resting state scalp electroencephalography by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in humans. We conducted two separate experiments in which we applied rTMS over the left parietal-occipital region. Prospective electric field simulation guided the choice of the individual stimulation intensities. In the main experiment, 16 participants received rhythmic and arrhythmic rTMS bursts at between ca. 20 and 50 mv/mm peak absolute electric field intensities. In the control experiment, another group of 16 participants received sham rTMS. To characterize the aftereffects, we estimated the alpha power (8-14 Hz) changes recorded in the inter-burst intervals, i.e., from 0.2 to 10 seconds after rTMS. We found aftereffects lasting up to two seconds after stimulation with ca. 35 mV/mm. Relative to baseline, alpha power was significantly reduced by the arrhythmic protocol, while there was no significant change with the rhythmic protocol. However, we found no significant long-term, i.e., up to 10-second, differences between the rhythmic and arrhythmic stimulation, or between the rhythmic and sham protocols. Weak arrhythmic rTMS induced short-lived alpha suppression during the inter-burst intervals.

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Section: Secondary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We included only neurologically healthy participants in the study [4]. For more details, see Table 1.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We performed all the experiments under the relevant guidelines and regulations. All participants gave written informed consent before participation [4].…”

Section: Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this approach we have shown that peak absolute electric fields between ca. 35 and 50 mV /mm already induced immediate changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in humans [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-lived alpha power suppression induced by low-intensity arrhythmic rTMS

Zmeykina

Mittner

Paulus

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Selecting stimulation intensity in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies: A systematic review between 1991 and 2020

Turi

Lenz

Paulus

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an increasingly used, non-invasive brain stimulation technique in neuroscience research and clinical practice with a broad spectrum of suggested applications. Among other parameters, the choice of stimulus intensity and intracranial electric field strength substantially impact rTMS outcome. This review provides a systematic overview of the intensity selection approaches and stimulation intensities used in human rTMS studies. We also examined whether studies report sufficient information to reproduce stimulus intensities in basic science research models. Methods: We performed a systematic review by focusing on original studies published between 1991 and 2020. We included conventional (e.g., 1 Hz or 10 Hz) and patterned protocols (e.g., continuous or intermittent theta burst stimulation). We identified 3,784 articles in total, and we manually processed a representative portion (20%) of randomly selected articles. Results: The majority of the analyzed studies (90% of entries) used the motor threshold (MT) approach and stimulation intensities from 80 to 120% of the MT. For continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation, the most frequent stimulation intensity was 80% of the active MT. Most studies (92% of entries) did not report sufficient information to reproduce the stimulation intensity. Only a minority of studies (1.03% of entries) estimated the rTMS-induced electric field strengths. Conclusion: We formulate easy-to-follow recommendations to help scientists and clinicians report relevant information on stimulation intensity. Future standardized reporting guidelines may facilitate the use of basic science approaches aiming at better understanding the molecular, cellular, and neuronal mechanisms of rTMS.

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Inhibiting corticospinal excitability by entraining ongoing mu-alpha rhythm in motor cortex

Zmeykina

Turi

Antal

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractsSensorimotor mu-alpha rhythm reflects the state of cortical excitability. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can modulate neural synchrony by inducing periodic electric fields (E-fields) in the cortical networks. We hypothesized that the increased synchronization of mu-alpha rhythm would inhibit the corticospinal excitability reflected by decreased motor evoked potentials (MEP). In seventeen healthy participants, we applied rhythmic, arrhythmic, and sham rTMS over the left M1. The stimulation intensity was individually adapted to 35 mV/mm using prospective E-field estimation. This intensity corresponded to ca. 40% of the resting motor threshold. We found that rhythmic rTMS increased the synchronization of mu-alpha rhythm, increased mu-alpha/beta power, and reduced MEPs. On the other hand, arrhythmic rTMS did not change the ongoing mu-alpha synchronization or MEPs, though it increased the alpha/beta power. We concluded that low intensity, rhythmic rTMS can synchronize mu-alpha rhythm and modulate the corticospinal excitability in M1.HighlightsWe studied the effect of rhythmic rTMS induced E-field at 35 mV/mm in the M1Prospective electric field modeling guided the individualized rTMS intensitiesRhyhtmic rTMS entrained mu-alpha rhythm and modulated mu-alpha/beta powerArrhythmic rTMS did not synchronize ongoing activity though increased mu-alpha/beta power.Rhythmic but not arrhythmic or sham rTMS inhibited the cortical excitability in M1

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Weak rTMS-induced electric fields produce neural entrainment in humans

Cited by 6 publications

References 67 publications

Short-lived alpha power suppression induced by low-intensity arrhythmic rTMS

Short-lived alpha power suppression induced by low-intensity arrhythmic rTMS

Selecting stimulation intensity in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies: A systematic review between 1991 and 2020

Inhibiting corticospinal excitability by entraining ongoing mu-alpha rhythm in motor cortex

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