“We Wait”—The Impact of Character Responsiveness and Self Embodiment on Presence and Interest in an Immersive News Experience

Abstract

A virtual reality scenario called "We Wait" gives people an immersive experience of the plight of refugees waiting to be picked up by a boat on a shore in Turkey to be illegally taken to Europe, crossing a dangerous stretch of sea. This was based on BBC news reporting of the refugee situation, but deliberately depicted as an animation with cartoon-like characters representing the refugees. Of interest was the level of presence that might be experienced by participants and the extent to which the scenario might prompt participants to follow-up further information about the refugee crisis. By presence we refer to both Place Illusion, the illusion of being in the rendered space, and Plausibility, the illusion that the unfolding events were really happening. The follow-up was assessed by whether and when participants accessed a web page that contained further information about the refugee crisis after the experiment. Two factors were considered in a balanced between-groups design with 32 participants. The Responsiveness factor was either "None" or "Look at." In the first the virtual characters in the scenario never responded to actions of the participant, and in the second they would occasionally look at the participant after the participant looked at them. The second factor was Embodiment, which was either "No Body" or "Body." In the No Body condition participants had no virtual body, and in the Body condition they would see a virtual body spatially congruent with their own if they looked down toward themselves. The virtual body was animated by the head tracking move the upper body. The results showed that the major factor positively contributing to presence was Responsiveness ("Look at"), and that Embodiment ("Body") may have contributed but to a lesser extent. There were important differences between men and woman in the degree of follow-up, with men more likely to do so than women. The experiment shows that adding in some simple responses in an immersive journalism scenario, where the characters acknowledge the presence of the participant through gaze, can enhance the degree of presence felt by the participants.

An Embodied Perspective as a Victim of Sexual Harassment in Virtual Reality Reduces Action Conformity in a Later Milgram Obedience Scenario

“…Plausibility is the illusion that what is happening in the environment is really happening. A number of questions, based on Steed, et al 63 (and many previous studies) were administered after the Shocks scenario, shown in Table 1. Figure 8 shows the box plots of the scores on these questions.…”

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“…A final relevant element in extant IJ research is empathy. In a 2015 TED talk, filmmaker Chris Milk described VR as 'the ultimate empathy machine', and it caught a lot of interest in VR technology's potential for news (Steed et al, 2018). The Tow Report Virtual Reality Journalism pointed out that 'a core question is whether VR can provide similar feelings of empathy and compassion to real-life experiences' (Aronson-Rath et al, 2015).…”

Hacia un modelo de narrativa en periodismo inmersivo

“…Partiendo del hecho de que la realidad virtual y los formatos multimedia con capacidad inmersiva generan mayor interés y vinculación de la audiencia, esencialmente con determinados temas, como se desprende de experimentos como los de Shin y Biocca (2018) o de Steed et al (2018), la principal pretensión de esta investigación es contribuir, por consiguiente, a una aproximación de un modelo o propuesta estándar narrativa para la creación de contenidos multimedia con capacidad inmersiva en el ámbito del periodismo.…”

“…El tamaño de la muestra va en sintonía con estudios relacionados con la misma tecnología y similar estilo narrativo (Aardena et al, 2010;Aitamurto, 2018;Hendriks et al, 2019;Jones, 2017;Matsangidou et al, 2019y Steed et al, 2018.…”