Wave-induced collisions of thin floating disks

Yiew, Lucas J.; Bennetts, Luke G.; Meylan, Michael H.; Thomas, Giles; French, Benjamin

doi:10.1063/1.5003310

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Most noteworthy is wave-induced breakup of large ice floes into smaller floes (Asplin et al, 2012;Collins et al, 2015;Kohout et al, 2015). Further, waves impact the ice cover by causing floes to collide (Martin & Becker, 1987;Yiew et al, 2017), by increasing melt rates due to turbulence beneath floes (Wadhams et al, 1979), and by overwashing them (Massom & Stammerjohn, 2010;Skene et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion Relations, Power Laws, and Energy Loss for Waves in the Marginal Ice Zone

et al. 2018

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Analysis of field measurements of ocean surface wave activity in the marginal ice zone, from campaigns in the Arctic and Antarctic and over a range of different ice conditions, shows the wave attenuation rate with respect to distance has a power law dependence on the frequency with order between two and four. With this backdrop, the attenuation‐frequency power law dependencies given by three dispersion relation models are obtained under the assumptions of weak attenuation, negligible deviation of the wave number from the open water wave number, and thin ice. It is found that two of the models (both implemented in WAVEWATCH III®), predict attenuation rates that are far more sensitive to frequency than indicated by the measurements. An alternative method is proposed to derive dispersion relation models, based on energy loss mechanisms. The method is used to generate example models that predict power law dependencies that are comparable with the field measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion Relations, Power Laws, and Energy Loss for Waves in the Marginal Ice Zone

et al. 2018

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“…Applicability to arbitrary floe sizes is the main feature that makes the present model different from similar earlier ones. Collisions between ice floes were studied numerically by Frankenstein and Shen (), Hopkins and Shen (), Shen and Ackley (), Shen and Squire (), and Yiew et al (); a similar approach has been applied to a single floe by Grotmaack (), Grotmaack and Meylan (), Marchenko (), Meylan et al (), Shen and Zhong (), and Yiew et al (). In all those studies, the wave forcing term was formulated based on so‐called slope‐sliding concept, in which, as its name suggests, the floating object moves downslope on the instantaneous water surface due to the component of the gravity force tangential to that surface (Shen & Ackley, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another crucial aspect of the model is related to the treatment of collisions. Although Hopkins and Shen (), Shen and Ackley (), and Shen and Squire () used a linear spring and dash‐pot contact model to calculate the force between colliding floes, many discrete‐element collision models are based on event‐driven hard‐disc algorithms, that is, assume that collisions are infinitely short events, producing discontinuous change of velocities of the two floes involved (Herman, ; Yiew et al, ). In other words, the contact force is not included in the momentum equations; what is modelled are effects of collisions, not collisions themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, several laboratory experiments concentrated on wave‐induced motion of a single ice floe (or another flat floating object substituting ice; see, e.g., Bai et al, ; McGovern & Bai, ; Meylan et al, ). Laboratory observations of floe collisions were performed by Bennetts and Williams (), Li and Lubbad (), and Yiew et al (). Videos from the last experiment are used in this work to illustrate some aspects of the floe collision patterns obtained with the model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wave‐Induced Surge Motion and Collisions of Sea Ice Floes: Finite‐Floe‐Size Effects

Herman

2018

JGR Oceans

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Among many mechanisms potentially contributing to wave energy attenuation in sea ice are wave-induced ice floe collisions. At present, little is known about collision patterns and their phase-averaged effects under different combinations of sea ice properties (ice thickness, floe size, etc.) and wave forcing (wavelength and steepness). The existing parameterizations of collision-related effects are therefore based on several simplifying, unverified assumptions. In this work, wave-induced motion and collisions of ice floes are analyzed numerically with a model based on momentum equations for an arbitrary number of floes, with source terms computed by integrating local forcing (wave-induced dynamic pressure, surface drag, etc.) over the surface area/volume of each floe. It is shown that this simple model, with prescribed wave forcing (i.e., no wave-ice interactions), is capable of reproducing observed surge amplitudes up to floe sizes comparable with wavelength. A full Hertzian contact model is used instead of a simple hard-disk algorithm, which makes the model suitable for simulating both rapid collisions and prolonged contact between floes. The model equations are used to formulate heuristic collision criteria based on relative floe size, ice concentration, and wave steepness. The model is then run for different combinations of those three parameters, together with different restitution and drag coefficients, in order to analyze possible motion/collision patterns within the multidimensional parameter space, and phase-averaged effects of collisions: kinetic and contact stress, granular temperature, and work done by forces acting on the ice. Plain Language SummaryThe outer region of a sea ice-covered ocean, neighboring open water, is called marginal ice zone (MIZ). It is a very dynamic environment, and one of its defining properties is sea ice-wave interactions: waves entering MIZ from the ocean move and bend the ice, breaking it into smaller floes, and the ice floes in turn modify the wave properties by scattering and dissipating wave energy. Those interactions shape the local conditions within MIZ, but, importantly, they also influence larger-scale evolution of the sea ice cover (e.g., by influencing changes of the ice edge position and thus ice extent). They are also very complex, and therefore, many of their aspects are still poorly understood. This study examines details of one selected aspect of ice-wave interactions: wave-induced collisions between ice floes. A numerical model, developed to reproduce horizontal motion of floes of arbitrary sizes, is used to analyze frequency and patterns of collisions in different sea ice types and wave conditions. It is shown that collisions indirectly enhance ice-water drag and thus contribute to wave attenuation in two ways-through kinetic energy losses during collisions and through friction at the bottom of the ice.

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“…For the ice floe, according to its small dimension compared with the dominant wavelength, it usually undergoes rigid-body motions induced by the ocean waves. A good description of such a behaviour may be found in a handful of publications (McGovern and Bai, 2014b;Yiew et al, 2016Yiew et al, , 2017. However, for a large ice sheet, as its thickness is very small compared to the length, it may exhibit localised vibrations under a continuous wave excitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid-structure interaction of a large ice sheet in waves

Huang

Ren

et al. 2019

Ocean Engineering

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With global warming, the ice-covered areas in the Arctic are being transformed into open water. This provides increased impetus for extensive maritime activities and attracts research interests in sea ice modelling. In the polar region, ice sheets can be several kilometres long and subjected to the effects of ocean waves. As its thickness to length ratio is very small, the wave response of such a large ice sheet, known as its hydroelastic response, is dominated by an elastic deformation rather than rigid body motions. In the past 25 years, sea ice hydroelasticity has been widely studied by theoretical models; however, recent experiments indicate that the ideal assumptions used for these theoretical models can cause considerable inaccuracies. This work proposes a numerical approach based on OpenFOAM to simulate the hydroelastic wave-ice interaction, with the Navier-Stokes equations describing the fluid domain, the St. Venant Kirchhoff solid model governing the ice deformation and a coupling scheme to achieve the fluid-structure interaction. Following validation against experiments, the proposed model has been shown capable of capturing phenomena that have not been included in current theoretical models. In particular, the developed model shows the capability to predict overwash, which is a ubiquitous polar phenomenon reported to be a key gap. The present model has the potential to be used to study wave-ice behaviours and the coupled wave-ice effect on marine structures.

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Wave-induced collisions of thin floating disks

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Dispersion Relations, Power Laws, and Energy Loss for Waves in the Marginal Ice Zone

Dispersion Relations, Power Laws, and Energy Loss for Waves in the Marginal Ice Zone

Wave‐Induced Surge Motion and Collisions of Sea Ice Floes: Finite‐Floe‐Size Effects

Fluid-structure interaction of a large ice sheet in waves

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