Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems 2014
DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52512-3.00084-x
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Cited by 16 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…The impacts of salinity on crop production and concerns regarding its management have been the focus of several prior comprehensive reviews (Rhoades et al, 1992;Minhas, 1996;Tanji and Kielen, 2002;Hoffman and Shalhevet, 2007;Grattan et al, 2012;Pereira et al, 2014). Strategies for handling salinity usually aim at preventing the build-up of salts in the root zone to levels that limit the root water uptake, controlling the salt balances in the soil-water system by preventing endless accumulation in the root zone, and minimizing the damaging effects of salinity on crop transpiration and soil evaporation for optimal crop growth.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The impacts of salinity on crop production and concerns regarding its management have been the focus of several prior comprehensive reviews (Rhoades et al, 1992;Minhas, 1996;Tanji and Kielen, 2002;Hoffman and Shalhevet, 2007;Grattan et al, 2012;Pereira et al, 2014). Strategies for handling salinity usually aim at preventing the build-up of salts in the root zone to levels that limit the root water uptake, controlling the salt balances in the soil-water system by preventing endless accumulation in the root zone, and minimizing the damaging effects of salinity on crop transpiration and soil evaporation for optimal crop growth.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The principles to produce crops in saline environments are now well understood and advocate the adoption of special crop-soil-water management practices. Irrigation practices at the field level include methods and frequency of irrigation (Hanson et al, 2006;Pereira et al, 2002Pereira et al, , 2009, meeting leaching requirements, and judicious use of multi-quality waters (Rhoades et al, 1992;Minhas, 2012;Pereira et al, 2014). Nevertheless, profit margins tend to be low for agriculture under saline conditions, and saline soils always present a risk for crop failure.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Municipal wastewater (MWW) is the second limitless source of water [1]. MWW mostly contains water (99.9%) with relatively small concentrations of suspended and dissolved organic and inorganic solids [2]. MWWs usually contain around 5% to 10% settleable suspended solids.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They also contain approximately 1000 parts per million of dissolved and colloidal solids, most of which are organic in nature and usually difficult to remove with biological treatment [3]. The following organic compounds are present in MWW: carbohydrates, synthetic detergents, fats, proteins, lignin, soaps and their decomposition products, various natural and synthetic organic chemicals from the process industries [2]. Some of these compounds pose serious problems in biological treatment systems due to their resistance to biodegradation and/or toxic effects on microbial processes [4,5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is estimated that more than 60% of all water withdrawals for irrigation returns into local aquifers, either through drainage of excess water or groundwater percolation [2]. Although the primary purpose of the drainage canal network is to control flooding, water ponding, and waterlogging in order to preserve the agricultural land, the multiple uses of water from the drainage canal network (i.e., for irrigation in many water scarce areas [3]) imply that all uses must be considered in the design process to solve water distribution and quality problems. Therefore, hydraulic calculation of water surfaces in the canal network is crucial in the design process to ensure the required canal capacity while, at the same time, minimally restricting land use.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%