Water-Soluble Methacrylates as Embedding Media for Preparation of Ultra-Thin Sections

Wichterle, O.; Bartl, P.; Rosenberg, Mark F.

doi:10.1038/186494a0

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This result, combined with the white appearance of all samples, suggest that composite is made of two phases: a pHEMA rich phase and a silica rich one and not of a single organic‐inorganic copolymer phase 40. Covalent bonds might take place at organic–inorganic interfaces by heterocondensation reactions of HEMA hydroxyl groups and silanols 18–20. Unfortunately, the presence of interfacial covalent bonds (SiOC bonds) are very difficult to probe by FT‐IR since the spectrum region around 1000 cm −1 is very complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bioactive poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/silica gel hybrid nanocomposites prepared by sol‐gel process

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A hybrid of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (pHEMA), a polymer widely employed for biomedical applications, and silica gel, exhibiting a well-known bioactivity, was produced by sol-gel. The amount of the inorganic precursor, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), was mixed to the organic monomer, so as to have a final concentration of 30% (w/w) of silica gel to the mass of polymer. The nanocomposite was characterized for its composition by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, swelling behavior, glass transition temperature using differential thermal analysis (DTA), morphology through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and bioactivity using FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, and energy dispersive system (EDS). The nanocomposite showed phase separation between the polymer and the silica gel, improved thermal stability and swelling properties and higher glass transition temperature than pHEMA. Moreover, bioactive SiO(2) gel nanoparticles promoted apatite formation on the surface of the modified hydrogel, when it was soaked in SBF. Therefore, the obtained bioactive nanocomposite can be used to make bioactive scaffold for bone engineering.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poly‐(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), a biocompatible hydrogel proposed as early as 1960,18–20 is yet today an outstanding material for biomedical application. It is used to make ophthalmic prostheses (contact or intraocular lenses), vascular prostheses, drug delivery, and soft‐tissue replacement 21…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/silica gel hybrid nanocomposites prepared by sol‐gel process

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is an important commercial monomer that is widely used in the industrial manufacture of paints [ 32 ] and soft contact lenses. [33][34][35] HEMA homopolymer forms a hydrogel in water and is also known to exhibit excellent biocompatibility. [ 36 ] Biomedical applications of HEMA-based copolymers include neural tissue engineering, [ 37 ] artifi cial corneas, [ 38 ] and drug delivery devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is an important commercial monomer that is widely used in the industrial manufacture of paints and soft contact lenses . HEMA homopolymer forms a hydrogel in water and is also known to exhibit excellent biocompatibility .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Well‐Defined Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Macromonomers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Yang

Armes

2013

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A series of six near-monodisperse methacrylic macromonomers is prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate using a tertiary amine-functionalized initiator at 50 °C, followed by quaternization with excess 4-vinylbenzyl chloride at 20 °C. GPC analyses indicate polydispersities of around 1.20 and their mean degrees of polymerization (DP) range from 20 to 70, as judged by both (1) H NMR and UV spectroscopy. The former technique is more convenient but the latter proved more accurate for the higher DP values, provided that an appropriate model compound is utilized for calibration. Finally, these new macromonomers are used to prepare sterically stabilized polystyrene latexes with relatively narrow size distributions via alcoholic dispersion polymerization.

show abstract

“…[1][2][3] Since the mid-1980s, when the first sol-gel hybrids where obtained by mixing linear polymer chains with silica precursors 4-6 a great many composites have been produced for a variety of applications such as optical devices, [7][8][9] organically modified ceramic materials, 2,10,11 reinforced elastomers and plastics, 12 bioactive materials, [13][14][15] chemical/biomedical sensors 16,17 and many others. Poly-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), a biocompatible hydrogel proposed as early as 1960, [18][19][20] is yet today an outstanding material for biomedical application. It is used to make ophthalmic prostheses (contact or intraocular lenses), vascular prostheses, drug delivery devices and soft-tissue replacements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐situ sol‐gel synthesis and characterization of bioactive pHEMA/SiO₂ blend hybrids

Silvestri¹,

Luciani

Costantini

et al. 2008

J Biomed Mater Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A novel procedure to synthesize poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate)-silica blend hybrids is presented. Methacrylate monomers bearing an alkoxysilyl unit, prepared by Michael addition of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) to 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) were employed. By (13)C NMR and mass analysis it was possible to establish the formation of coupling hybrid species. Hybrid materials, with final concentration ranging from 10% to 30% w/w of silica gel to the mass of polymer, were obtained through basic catalyzed sol-gel process of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and the alkoxysilyl unit of the hybrid monomer, followed by in-situ free-radical polymerization. The hybrids were characterized as far as concerns their thermal properties (glass transition temperature, decomposition temperature), their sorption behavior in water, and in-vitro bioactivity. Optical transparency, higher glass transition temperature, and higher decomposition temperature than pHEMA suggest an increase in either density or intensity of cross-links between the organic and the inorganic phases. The swelling ratio of the 30% hybrids is comparable to pHEMA, whereas it is lower for the other compositions. In-vitro bioactivity of the hybrids, due to the inorganic phase, was ascertained. Soaking time required for apatite deposition on the samples surface decreases as the content of silica gel increases. Therefore, the obtained bioactive hybrids can be used to make bioactive scaffolds for bone engineering.

show abstract

Water-Soluble Methacrylates as Embedding Media for Preparation of Ultra-Thin Sections

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Bioactive poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/silica gel hybrid nanocomposites prepared by sol‐gel process

Bioactive poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/silica gel hybrid nanocomposites prepared by sol‐gel process

Preparation of Well‐Defined Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Macromonomers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

In‐situ sol‐gel synthesis and characterization of bioactive pHEMA/SiO₂ blend hybrids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Water-Soluble Methacrylates as Embedding Media for Preparation of Ultra-Thin Sections

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Bioactive poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/silica gel hybrid nanocomposites prepared by sol‐gel process

Bioactive poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/silica gel hybrid nanocomposites prepared by sol‐gel process

Preparation of Well‐Defined Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Macromonomers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

In‐situ sol‐gel synthesis and characterization of bioactive pHEMA/SiO2 blend hybrids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

In‐situ sol‐gel synthesis and characterization of bioactive pHEMA/SiO₂ blend hybrids