“…Positive charge can also be introduced to the carrier core by addition of synthetic polymers such as polyethylenimine (PEI), [64,92,147,93,111,127,[142][143][144][145][146] polyurethane, [148] amino poly(glycerol methacrylate), [149] or positively charged dendrons. [150,151] Due to the high density of positive charges,h igh buffering capacity,a nd availability,P EI is aw idely explored synthetic polyamine in DNAd elivery and frequently termed as the "gold-standard" in polymer-mediated gene delivery. [152] In addition, covalent functionalisation of biopolymers with positively charged amino acids,p eptides,o rs mall molecules (Figure 6) can be used for charge tuning.F or example, arginine,histidine,and lysine were employed to functionalise dextran, [153][154][155] chitosan, [51] alginate, [59] human serum albumin (HSA), [78,156] HA, [116] and chondroitin sulfate.…”