Water-soluble anhydride containing alternating copolymers as scale inhibitors

Evaluation of β-cyclodextrin–polyethylene glycol as green scale inhibitors for produced-water in shale gas well

“…The most common and effective method of scale controlling is the use of chemical additives as scale inhibitors which can retard or prevent scale formation [9][10][11]. At present, Amino Trimethylene Phosphonic Acid (ATMP) and 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid (PBTCA) are well known scale inhibitors in shale gas field [12].…”

Effect of degree of deprotonation of maleic anhydride‐allyl polyethoxy carboxylic acid copolymer on calcium scale

“…The acidity of the synthesized polymer is measured according to the method reported in the literature. [3] The original polymer solution is divided into seven parts, the mass of each part is accurately weighed and its acid value is calculated according to the acidity of the polymer. A 50% caustic solution is sequentially added drop wise to the above six solutions with stirring to neutralize 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% carboxylic acid groups, respectively.…”

“…[1] Polycarboxylic acid inhibitor, such as maleic acid and acrylic acid homo-and co-polymers, is well known in the industry as one type of efficient and threshold carbonate scale inhibitors which are becoming increasingly important due to phosphorus-free and less toxic to environment. [2,3] However, owing to the weak acidity of the carboxylic acid that is relatively difficult to form negative ion in water, polycarboxylic acid inhibitor have low calcium tolerance and readily react with calcium ions to form insoluble calcium polymer salts. [4] Introduction of hydrophilic group (such as sulfonic acid group, [5] ethylene oxide group, [6] or like) into polycarboxylic acid molecule might improve its water solubility, enhance calcium tolerance and prevent formation of insoluble calcium polymer salts.…”

Electrochemical synthesis of polymer based on 4-(2-furyl) benzenamine: Electrochemical properties, characterization and applications

“…Recently polyfuran has been found to be potentially useful for device applications [28][29][30][31][32]. More importantly, furan monomer and its derivatives can be obtained from biomass and biodegradable substances and are considered as "green" electronic materials [33]. In this regard, there is growing interest in developing novel furan-based organic semiconductors.…”

“…On the other hand, several researches have been focused on the copolymerization in order to prepare conducting polymers with better properties and to overcome the limitation of the rarity of new monomers. New monomers can be synthesized from available monomers and used to prepare new polymers having collection of properties of both monomers [33][34][35]. Ng and Xu Scheme 1.…”