Water Related Disaster Management Supported by Drone Applications

Abstract

Introduction: Climate change causes more articulated weather conditions: at some places experts count with more droughts while at other places with more floods. Even if features of droughts and floods are total different from each other both of them belongs to water related disaster: in case of drought amount of water is below required while in case of flood amount of water is too much. Drought and flood mean end positions of the water amount scale. Other part drones are around us: more and more applications can be seen almost all part of our life. Therefore it is very important to gather examples and finding possibilities to support water related disasters. Method: This article focuses mainly on author's own practices and experiences using drone however practices and experiences made by others were also adapted to the results of the study as well as the examples wrote in the relevant literatures. Results: On the time scale there are three different options for using drone to support water related disaster management. Before floods drone can take river bed surveys as a kind of preventive application. During flood drone can support decision makers with the "eagle eye" view of the flooded area providing objective and relevant information. After disaster experts can use drones for mapping or remapping the affected area for making quick assessment about damages caused by the flood. In case of forest fire we can also use the above approach however in this article the flood examples of drone applications are dominated.

The Prospect of drone applications

“…Also, after the flooding, Drones can be used by professionals to quickly analyze the flood damage by mapping or re-mapping the impacted areas. It has been claimed that drones are used for quick fire detection in the prevention of water-related disasters such as forest fires [13]. Quick detection of a fire means that the fire is relatively small, so the fire service can contain or control it more easily and efficiently.…”

On the Weighted Cluster S-UAV Scheme Using Latency-Oriented Trust

“…Due to the atmospheric layers' refractive effectiveness, the radio wave distance should be considered instead of the direct separation distance. In normal weather conditions, the radio wave extends the coverage radius by a factor of 4/3, resulting in the below radio wave formula [31] d ij (t) ≈ 4.12 d0 ij (t)−r (5) where:…”

“…In recent years, UAVs have overwhelmed several sectors of everyday life. Al-Naji et al proposed using UAVs to find people in danger when disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, and snow slides, occur [4], [5]. Drones are also widely used in military tasks, such as weapons delivery, guided missiles, directing artillery, and spotting enemy positions [6].…”

Applications and classifications of unmanned aerial vehicles: A literature review with focus on multi-rotors

“…There are three different options for using drones: (a) Before floods, drones can take river bed surveys as a kind of preventive application, and (b) During a flood, drones can support decision-makers with the "eagle eye" view of the flooded area providing objective and relevant information, (c) After a disaster, Drones could also be utilized to map or remap the affected area to make an abrupt assessment of flood damage by Experts. Experts can use [78]. Boualem Rabta et al [79] research considers drone applications in the last-mile distribution in humanitarian logistics and presents an optimization model for the delivery of multiple packages of lightweight relief.…”