Water exchange and density structure in a multi-basin estuary

MACROALGAL (FUCUS VESICULOSUS) δ15N VALUES TRACE DECREASE IN SEWAGE INFLUENCE

“…2b) in Fucus vesiculosus tissue in the inner reaches of the bay suggest that plants close to the outfall utilize sewage-derived dissolved inorganic N (DIN), both in downstream and upstream directions. The N isotopic ratio of sewage upstream of the diffuser is in agreement with watercirculation models that predict predominant northern movements of deepwater nutrients including sewage effluent (Engqvist and Omstedt 1992). A significant isotopic gradient was recorded with increasing distance from the sewage outfall, and macroalgal ␦ 15 N values decreased from 8-9‰ within 4 km to 5-7‰ by 14 km and to background levels (␦ 15 N ϭ ϳ4‰) at 24 km from the outfall.…”

MACROALGAL (FUCUS VESICULOSUS) δ15N VALUES TRACE DECREASE IN SEWAGE INFLUENCE

“…2b) in Fucus vesiculosus tissue in the inner reaches of the bay suggest that plants close to the outfall utilize sewage-derived dissolved inorganic N (DIN), both in downstream and upstream directions. The N isotopic ratio of sewage upstream of the diffuser is in agreement with watercirculation models that predict predominant northern movements of deepwater nutrients including sewage effluent (Engqvist and Omstedt 1992). A significant isotopic gradient was recorded with increasing distance from the sewage outfall, and macroalgal ␦ 15 N values decreased from 8-9‰ within 4 km to 5-7‰ by 14 km and to background levels (␦ 15 N ϭ ϳ4‰) at 24 km from the outfall.…”

10.1016/s0967-0653(97)88535-3

“…The water exchange of the brackish bay area is mainly governed by two baroclinic modes, one caused by density variations in the southern boarder sounds and one by the regular estuarine circulation. The barotropic influences are less important (Engqvist & Omstedt 1992). The tide range is < 5 cm in this part of the Baltic Sea (Magaard 1974).…”

Water Exchange on a Geological Timescale - Examples from Two Coastal Sites in the Baltic Sea

“…From studies of other Nordic coastal embayments, the baroclinic exchanges in upwelling events are the most efficient water exchange processes (Stigebrandt 1990; Engqvist and Omstedt 1992). The boundary forcing of the local models thus also involves salinity and temperature profiles, which together determine the density (Figure S4c, d, Electronic Supplementary Material) at one local station for Laxemar-Simpemarp and for the Forsmark southern and northern boundaries.…”

MACROALGAL (FUCUS VESICULOSUS) δ15N VALUES TRACE DECREASE IN SEWAGE INFLUENCE

“…2b) in Fucus vesiculosus tissue in the inner reaches of the bay suggest that plants close to the outfall utilize sewage-derived dissolved inorganic N (DIN), both in downstream and upstream directions. The N isotopic ratio of sewage upstream of the diffuser is in agreement with watercirculation models that predict predominant northern movements of deepwater nutrients including sewage effluent (Engqvist and Omstedt 1992). A significant isotopic gradient was recorded with increasing distance from the sewage outfall, and macroalgal ␦ 15 N values decreased from 8-9‰ within 4 km to 5-7‰ by 14 km and to background levels (␦ 15 N ϭ ϳ4‰) at 24 km from the outfall.…”

10.1016/s0967-0653(97)88535-3

“…The water exchange of the brackish bay area is mainly governed by two baroclinic modes, one caused by density variations in the southern boarder sounds and one by the regular estuarine circulation. The barotropic influences are less important (Engqvist & Omstedt 1992). The tide range is < 5 cm in this part of the Baltic Sea (Magaard 1974).…”

Water Exchange on a Geological Timescale - Examples from Two Coastal Sites in the Baltic Sea

“…From studies of other Nordic coastal embayments, the baroclinic exchanges in upwelling events are the most efficient water exchange processes (Stigebrandt 1990; Engqvist and Omstedt 1992). The boundary forcing of the local models thus also involves salinity and temperature profiles, which together determine the density (Figure S4c, d, Electronic Supplementary Material) at one local station for Laxemar-Simpemarp and for the Forsmark southern and northern boundaries.…”

MACROALGAL (FUCUS VESICULOSUS) δ15N VALUES TRACE DECREASE IN SEWAGE INFLUENCE

“…2b) in Fucus vesiculosus tissue in the inner reaches of the bay suggest that plants close to the outfall utilize sewage-derived dissolved inorganic N (DIN), both in downstream and upstream directions. The N isotopic ratio of sewage upstream of the diffuser is in agreement with watercirculation models that predict predominant northern movements of deepwater nutrients including sewage effluent (Engqvist and Omstedt 1992). A significant isotopic gradient was recorded with increasing distance from the sewage outfall, and macroalgal ␦ 15 N values decreased from 8-9‰ within 4 km to 5-7‰ by 14 km and to background levels (␦ 15 N ϭ ϳ4‰) at 24 km from the outfall.…”

10.1016/s0967-0653(97)88535-3

“…The water exchange of the brackish bay area is mainly governed by two baroclinic modes, one caused by density variations in the southern boarder sounds and one by the regular estuarine circulation. The barotropic influences are less important (Engqvist & Omstedt 1992). The tide range is < 5 cm in this part of the Baltic Sea (Magaard 1974).…”

Water Exchange on a Geological Timescale - Examples from Two Coastal Sites in the Baltic Sea

“…From studies of other Nordic coastal embayments, the baroclinic exchanges in upwelling events are the most efficient water exchange processes (Stigebrandt 1990; Engqvist and Omstedt 1992). The boundary forcing of the local models thus also involves salinity and temperature profiles, which together determine the density (Figure S4c, d, Electronic Supplementary Material) at one local station for Laxemar-Simpemarp and for the Forsmark southern and northern boundaries.…”