Water balances of old-growth and regenerating montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico

Muñoz-Villers, Lyssette E.; Holwerda, F.; Gómez-Cárdenas, Martín; Equihua, Miguel; Asbjornsen, Heidi; Bruijnzeel, L. A.; Marín-Castro, Beatriz; Tobón, Conrado

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.01.062

Cited by 87 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…We found that additional water inputs due to CWI were comparatively low (< 2% of 3180 mm yr -1 and 8% of dryseason rainfall of 640 mm), which was largely attributed to the relatively infrequent occurrence of dense fog and, especially, low wind speeds (Holwerda et al 2010, Alvarado-Barrientos et al 2014. Our cloud forest site falls at the low end of the global range for CWI, while the estimated ET (1325 mm yr -1 ) (Muñoz-Villers et al 2012) is at the higher end of the global range (Bruijnzeel et al 2011). These findings contrast with many other studies conducted in (foggier or windier) cloud forest sites that showed a much greater annual water recharge (i.e., CWI inputs minus ET losses) (Holwerda 2005, Holwerda et al 2006, McJannet et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…In contrast to this typical pattern, the 20-year-old regenerating (postfire) cloud forest examined in our Veracruz study had similar transpiration as the mature cloud forest but lower annual ET. This finding was attributed to the greater rainfall interception by the canopy of mature cloud forest, which, in turn, was due to its greater abundance of canopy epiphytes and higher leaf area index (Holwerda et al 2010, Muñoz-Villers et al 2012, similar to findings reported by Fleischbein et al (2005) for an Ecuadorian montane forest. Interestingly, peak flows and seasonal distribution of flows from catchments that supported mature versus regenerating cloud forest were indistinguishable (Muñoz-Villers and McDonnell 2013), which suggests similar hydrologic behavior.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The resulting equation was combined with a digital elevation model (20-m intervals) to generate a raster map of rainfall as a function of altitude. A similar approach was followed for deriving a map of the Food and Agriculture Organization reference ET (ET 0 ) (Allen et al 1998) using climatic values from the three weather stations located within the study catchments to generate a second-degree polynomial regression (r 2 = 0.75) that described ET 0 as a function of altitude (Muñoz-Villers et al 2012, Holwerda et al 2013. A land use and land cover map generated from SPOT satellite images from 2008 and 2010 (20-m pixels; 840 training samples; kappa = 0.84) was then used to map actual ET values by multiplying ET 0 values by experimentally determined ET/ET 0 ratios for mature and secondary cloud forest, pastures, sugarcane, mature and young pine forests, and shade coffee (Holwerda et al 2013, Muñoz-Villers et al 2015.…”

Section: Is Mexico's Payments For Hydrologic Services Program Effectimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between payments for hydrologic services, landowner decisions, and ecohydrological consequences: synergies and disconnection in the cloud forest zone of central Veracruz, Mexico

Asbjornsen¹,

Manson²,

Scullion³

et al. 2017

E&S

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. 2017. Interactions between payments for hydrologic services, landowner decisions, and ecohydrological consequences: synergies and disconnection in the cloud forest zone of central Veracruz, Mexico. ABSTRACT. Payments for Hydrologic Services (PHS) programs are increasingly used as a policy tool to provide incentives for upstream landowners to adopt land use activities that favor sustainable provision of high-quality water to downstream areas. However, the effectiveness of PHS programs in achieving their objectives and the potential for unintended (often undesirable) consequences remain poorly understood. We integrate results from ecohydrological and socioeconomic research to explore the impact of Mexico's PHS program on the target hydrologic services and people's decisions, behavior, and knowledge regarding forest conservation and water. Using central Veracruz as our case study, we identify areas of both synchrony and disconnection between PHS goals and outcomes. Mature and regenerating cloud forests (targeted by PHS) were found to produce enhanced hydrologic services relative to areas converted to pasture, including reduced peak flows during large rain events and maintenance of dry-season base flows. However, unexpectedly, these hydrologic benefits from cloud forests were not necessarily greater than those from other vegetation types. Consequently, the location of forests in strategic watershed positions (e.g., where deforestation risk or hydrologic recharge are high) may be more critical than forest type in promoting hydrologic functions within watersheds and should be considered when targeting PHS payments. While our results suggest that participation in PHS improved the level of knowledge among watershed inhabitants about forest-water relationships, a mismatch existed between payment amounts and landowner opportunity costs, which may contribute to the modest success in targeting priority areas within watersheds. Combined, these findings underscore the complexity of factors that influence motivations for PHS participation and land use decisions and behavior, and the importance of integrating understanding of both ecohydrological and socioeconomic dynamics into PHS design and implementation. We conclude by identifying opportunities for improving the design of PHS programs and recommending priority areas for future research and monitoring, both in Mexico and globally.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Is Mexico's Payments For Hydrologic Services Program Effectimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between payments for hydrologic services, landowner decisions, and ecohydrological consequences: synergies and disconnection in the cloud forest zone of central Veracruz, Mexico

Asbjornsen¹,

Manson²,

Scullion³

et al. 2017

E&S

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“…The analysis has focused on the physicochemical characteristics (IDEAM 2007, Bates et al 2008), but these are not complemented by biological parameters to calculate quality and pollution indexes and support decision-making processes (Whitehead 2009, Muñoz et al 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Productive Activities on the Water Quality for Human Consumption in an Andean Basin, a Case Study

Ruiz

Idrobo

Sarmiento

et al. 2017

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.

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Productive activities such as agriculture and livestock have transformed the Andean basins in South America. In accordance with this statement, the objective of this study was to assess the water quality of "Las Piedras" river located in an Andean basin with 6626 ha in Colombian Highlands. This study analyzed nutrient inputs from agricultural production, spatial crops distribution, human activities and their influence on the ecological state of the river. The evaluation integrated physicochemical and biological parameters in the indexes of water quality, pollution and the aquatic macroinvertebrates community. Results showed that aggregated crop fields occupy 25.2 % in the basin and the biological water quality through the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) index denotes the presence of tolerant-pollution organisms, additionally the biodiversity was low (Shannon H´1.1). The water quality in the river satisfies the Colombian regulation criteria for human consumption, even higher concentrations of nutrients in the lower area with 2.20 mg/L nitrates and 1.49 mg/L of phosphates, besides the loss of nutrients by runoff, which was 2.57 mg/L nitrates in the middle area and 0.18 mg/L phosphates in the upper area. In this sense, the nutrient concentration input increases toward the lower area of the basin because of the crop distribution. The agricultural land use modified the hydrological ecosystem services by decreasing the basin water regulatory capacity and nutrients input to the main stream.Palabras clave: contaminación hídrica, agricultura, distribución espacial de los cultivos, biodiversidad, agua potable RESUMENLas actividades productivas como la agricultura y la ganadería han transformado las cuencas andinas de América del Sur. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad del agua en la cuenca del río Las Piedras (6626 ha), localizada en la alta montaña colombiana. Se analizaron los aportes de nutrientes a partir de la producción agrícola, distribución espacial de cultivos, actividades humanas y su influencia en el estado ecológico del río. La evaluación integró los parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos en índices de calidad del agua, de contaminación y de macroinvertebrados acuáticos. Los resultados mostraron que los cultivos ocupan el 25.2 % de la cuenca, la calidad biológica del agua según el 362índice del Grupo de Trabajo de Monitoreo Biológico (BMWP, por sus siglas en inglés) evidenció la presencia de organismos tolerantes a la contaminación y baja biodiversidad (Shannon H' 1.1). La calidad del agua es apta para consumo humano según los estándares establecidos por la normatividad Colombiana. Sin embargo, se encontraron altas concentraciones de nutrientes en la zona baja del río con 2.20 mg/L de nitratos y 1.49 mg/L de fosfatos, adicionalmente los aportes de nutrientes en escorrentía superficial fueron de 2.57 mg/L de nitratos en la zona media y 0.18 mg/L de fosfatos en la zona alta. En este sentido, se observó que el ingreso de nutrientes aumenta hacia la zona baja de la cuenca deb...

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“…La conversión de áreas de arbustales, bosques y páramos por área de cultivos y pastos, implica una mayor demanda de agua para el mantenimiento de zonas productivas compitiendo con la destinación para consumo humano [31,32].…”

Section: Cambios En El Uso Del Terreno Y Reemplazo De Coberturas Natuunclassified

Agricultura sostenible en ecosistemas de alta montaña

O.¹,

Martínez²,

Casas³

2015

BSAA

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Water balances of old-growth and regenerating montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico

Cited by 87 publications

References 80 publications

Interactions between payments for hydrologic services, landowner decisions, and ecohydrological consequences: synergies and disconnection in the cloud forest zone of central Veracruz, Mexico

Interactions between payments for hydrologic services, landowner decisions, and ecohydrological consequences: synergies and disconnection in the cloud forest zone of central Veracruz, Mexico

Effects of Productive Activities on the Water Quality for Human Consumption in an Andean Basin, a Case Study

Agricultura sostenible en ecosistemas de alta montaña

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