Wasteland Utilization for <i>B. balcooa</i> Cultivation: Socio-economic and Environmental Impacts through Bamboo-based Product Development

Abstract

Declining fossil fuel and increasing CO2 emissions from non-renewable fuel leading us to climate change which signifies to reduce fossil fuel dependency and promotes bioenergy as renewable. To address such issue Abellon Clean Energy has developed captive farming of B. balcooa for environment friendly bio-energy feedstock cultivation in; 1112, 2223, 2964 and 6175 plants/hectare densities to understand cost of cultivation and its subsequent use in cottage industry, energy substitute and high value products. Farmers' field trials were also performed as 1112 plants/hectare at three districts of Gujarat. The optimum plantation density was observed to be 1112 plants/hectare at captive and farmers' field having approximately 57.70 MT/hectare biomass yield with 32-39 USD/MT cost of production. If 5% of waste land of India cultivates B. balcooa, with 50% biomass yield, 67.51 million metric tonne (mMT)/year bamboo biomass can be produced. Bamboos generates worth of 9788 million USD or 7696 million USD yearly from handicraft and construction respectively. Bamboo grown at marginal ecologies can fetch around 12.83 mMT/year from cottage industrial products worth of 16616 million USD reducing bamboo import. Waste from cottage industries can produce annually bio-energy pellets worth of 13987 million USD which could replace 63.18 mMT of coal or 21.60 mMT of LPG. Optionally 7560 million liters/year of bioethanol can be produced out of waste generated from incense stick processing worth 5670 million USD. Further 30% of bamboo from marginal land cultivation can produce 20.25 mMT/year of activated charcoal worth of 34425 million USD. Indirect employment of 8.66 million people is accounted for incense stick, pellet production, logistics, marketing, etc. B. balcooa has potential for carbon sequestration through marginal land development impacting India's social, economic and environment conditions that also improves soil quality.

Coconut Shell Biochar for Removal of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution

“…On the other hand, CSB which were carbonized at the temperature range 350-400 ºC attained the volatile matter between 50.17-24.82% [25]. Another study showed that the CSB has obtained volatile matter of 36.47% at 350 ºC as well [26]. NaOH used during the biochar acid-base modification process also contributed to the discharge of volatile matter due to the organic matter decomposition in the biochar [24].…”

“…The addition of NaOH instigated an increment in the development of pores through an intercalation effect caused by the interaction of Na atom with the carbons in the biochar [29]. Base modification using NaOH and KOH can enhance the surface basicity and the amount of O-containing functional groups [26]. Whereas, the addition of HCl assists in removing the excess impregnating NaOH on the biochar surface and increasing surface acidity which generates more acidic functional groups to enable strong interactions between the modified biochars and heavy metal later [22,26].…”

“…Base modification using NaOH and KOH can enhance the surface basicity and the amount of O-containing functional groups [26]. Whereas, the addition of HCl assists in removing the excess impregnating NaOH on the biochar surface and increasing surface acidity which generates more acidic functional groups to enable strong interactions between the modified biochars and heavy metal later [22,26]. Strong acids such as H 3 PO 4 , H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 and HCl have been utilized to increase the acidities of the surface of the biochar as well as altering their porous structure [27].…”

Parametric Sensitivity of Municipal Solid Waste Integrated Power Plant: CO2 Footprint and Energy Analysis

“…Biomass is a promising eco‐friendly alternative source of renewable energy 2–5 in the context of current energy scenarios. It is also regarded as being both CO 2 ‐neutral and multifaceted in its application 6, 7.…”

Heat of some plant biomass species for biofuels production

“…Biomass is considered one of the main renewable energy resources of the future due to its large potential, economic viability and various social and environmental benefits. 1,2 Biomass absorbs carbon dioxide during growth, and emits it during combustion. Therefore, biomass helps the atmospheric carbon dioxide recycling and does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.…”