Waste to Energy: Calorific Improvement of Municipal Solid Waste through Biodrying

Abstract

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an energy resource with sufficient energy/calorific value, making it a suitable substitute for fuel. This study investigated the effect of air flow rate on the MSW calorific value, the hemicellulose content, and the MSW degradation rate in a biodrying process. Four biodrying reactors equipped with flowrate and temperature recorders were used in the study. The air flow rate was varied as follows: 0 L/min/kg, 2 L/min/kg, 4 L/min/kg, and 6 L/min/kg, corresponding to reactors R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively. The calorific value, water content, hemicellulose content, organic C content, and total N were measured on day 1, day 15, and day 30. The results showed that the biodrying process could increase the calorific value by 55.3 %, whereas the control reactor could increase the calorific value by only 4.7 %. The highest calorific value was 17.63 MJ/kg, at an air flow rate of 4 L/min/kg. The air flow rate had a significant effect on increasing the calorific value (sig.<0.05). The highest temperature in the biodrying process was 41 °C. The final MSW moisture content was 27.28 %, resulting from R4. According to the statistical test results, the air flow rate had a significant influence on the water content parameters. Hemicellulose degradation due to air flow rate reached 80–85 %. The air flow rate did not significantly influence the hemicellulose degradation (sig.>0.05). The biodrying process is the suitable method to increase the calorific value of MSW while reducing its water content; thus, the process promotes the realization of waste to energy as refuse-derived fuel.

Pengolahan Sampah Daun Pisang dengan Proses Biodrying Aerobik Sebagai Upaya Pemulihan Energi

“…pH dalam proses Biodrying berada dalam konsisi pH normal (Tabel 1). pH normal ini dapat mendukung hidup dari bakteri, sehingga proses pengolahan dapat berjalan optimum (Sofiyah & Suryawan, 2021) dalam proses Biodrying (Yuan et al, 2019;Zaman et al, 2021). Penelitian lain mendukung pengolahan sampah secara termal dengan pendekatan yang menjanjikan untuk proses Biodrying yang menunjukkan kinerja pengeringan yang efisien dan potensi besar untuk pemulihan energi (Ma et al, 2021).…”

Application of biodrying with hot air aeration system to process solid waste into rdf

“…The generation of solid waste creates problems that must be resolved to reduce the impact of solid waste on the environment. Therefore, some solid waste fractions need to be converted into Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) to replace fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas in various industrial applications, including power generation, heating [4]. The application of biodrying in Indonesia is practiced at the RDF Integrated Waste Management Site (TPST) in Cilacap Regency.…”

“…The biodrying method can increase the calorific content by drying solid waste, resulting in RDF products [7]. A biodrying system with an optimum air flow rate can increase the calorific value of solid waste to a range of 4,713-6,265cal/g, classified as low energy coal equivalent to <7000cal/g [8]. According to Fadlilah et al states that the biodrying process of solid food waste produces around 4,952 cal/g calories at a flow rate of 6 L/minute/kg and 4,064 cal/g for 4 L/minute/kg [7].…”

“…Sample PreparationThe MSW solid wastes taken for this research included; dry leaf waste around the environment of the Environmental Engineering Building, food waste in the form of leftover rice and vegetables, paper waste, plastic waste in the form of chopped plastic pieces, and market waste which is 2 km from the research location. Market waste and plastic waste are chopped using a chopping machine to a size of 2 cm[8], then put into the biodrying unit. MSW solid waste to be dried is put into a biodrying unit with a capacity of 8 litters.…”

Bibliometric Analysis of the Alternative Biomass Types and Biomass Combustion Technologies

“…Alternative biomass is used in different industries: e.g., agriculture, pulp and paper, and chemical. Based on the principles of the bioeconomy, different types of alternative biomass (such as wood (WB) [5], agricultural waste (AW) [6], [7], municipal solid waste (MSW) [8], and algae (Alg) [9]) can be used primarily to produce a product with added value. According to the biomass value pyramid [10], [11], the use of biomass for energy generation corresponds to low added value [12].…”