Waste Cooking Oil‐Based Novel Gemini Imidazolinium Surfactants With Carbonate Linkage: Green Synthesis, Characterization and Properties Evaluation

Abstract

Imidazolinium surfactants belong to the category of cationic surfactants that have already gained the great interest of researchers due to their varied range of commercial applications. With the advancement in the field of surfactants research, imidazolinium surfactants are being converted into their corresponding gemini surfactants. Gemini surfactants are known to have exceptional selfassembling characteristics and exclusive interfacial activity that include much lower CMC and better ability to reduce surface tension than their conventional monomeric counterparts. Long reaction time associated with conventional thermal synthetic procedures and high production costs are the two major issues involved in the synthesis of gemini surfactants. The present research work involves the microwave synthesis of novel gemini imidazolinium surfactants with carbonate linkage. In order to synthesize cost effective gemini surfactants, waste cooking oils have been used as raw materials. Structural characterization of synthesized gemini surfactants has been achieved through 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and FT-IR.

Performance Evaluation of Novel Sunflower Oil-Based Gemini Surfactant(s) with Different Spacer Lengths: Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery

“…Moran and others found that the behavior of amino acid-based GSs showed better surface and aggregation properties in comparison to similar surfactants of monomeric nature. Performance evaluation of dimeric surfactants showed superiority in terms of surface tension, foaming, emulsification ability, and lime soap dispersibility as reported in earlier studies. , Green synthesis and characterization properties of GSs from waste cooking oil were investigated with improved surface active properties, showing a major stride in recycling sector for the manufacture of surface-active agents . Recently, Hussain et al reported the characterization properties of novel amino-amide GSs with low CMC values, surface tension reduction properties, and thermal stability, confirming their potentiality in oil recovery operations.…”

“…Studies show that the structure of nonionic GSs has an effect on surfactant efficacy . In addition, nonionic gemini systems, especially those synthesized using natural resources, show cost-effectiveness and an environmentally friendly nature, in addition to achieving improved interfacial and bulk aggregation properties. ,− Other known advantages of employing surfactants of this nature are identified as adaptability in a wide range of systems such as foams, emulsions, and aqueous formulations. , These properties have contributed toward a demand to create novel GSs with potentiality in crude oil displacement studies.…”

“…20,21 Green synthesis and characterization properties of GSs from waste cooking oil were investigated with improved surface active properties, showing a major stride in recycling sector for the manufacture of surface-active agents. 22 Recently, Hussain et al 23 reported the characterization properties of novel amino-amide GSs with low CMC values, surface tension reduction properties, and thermal stability, confirming their potentiality in oil recovery operations. Literature on the synthesis and characterizations of GSs synthesized from natural resources for favorable application in EOR is not very extensive.…”