Waning Antibody Responses in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Choe, Pyoeng Gyun; Kang, Chang Kyung; Suh, Hyeon Jeong; Jung, Jongtak; Song, Kyoung-Ho; Bang, Ji Hwan; Kim, Eu Suk; Kim, Hong Bin; Park, Sang Won; Kim, Nam Joong; Park, Wan Beom; Oh, Myoung‐don

doi:10.3201/eid2701.203515

Cited by 131 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…At the late stage, the antibody response, which was shown to be affected adversely by methylprednisolone in our study, might The anti-RBD antibody response was found to be affected modestly in hamsters treated with remdesivir. This is generally consistent with the findings that the production of neutralizing antibodies was less robust in asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 and patients with mild COVID-19 compared to those who develop a severe disease [42][43][44]. In contrast, the anti-RBD antibody response was much more severely compromised in hamsters treated with methylprednisolone alone, indicating its strong immunosuppressive effect [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Beneficial effect of combinational methylprednisolone and remdesivir in hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Yuan

Chan

et al. 2021

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are urgently needed. Dexamethasone has been shown to confer survival benefits to certain groups of hospitalized patients, but whether glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone and methylprednisolone should be used together with antivirals to prevent a boost of SARS-CoV-2 replication remains to be determined. Here, we show the beneficial effect of methylprednisolone alone and in combination with remdesivir in the hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Treatment with methylprednisolone boosted RNA replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Although methylprednisolone monotherapy alleviated body weight loss as well as nasal and pulmonary inflammation, viral loads increased and antibody response against the receptor-binding domain of spike protein attenuated. In contrast, a combination of methylprednisolone with remdesivir not only prevented body weight loss and inflammation, but also dampened viral protein expression and viral loads. In addition, the suppressive effect of methylprednisolone on antibody response was alleviated in the presence of remdesivir. Thus, combinational antiinflammatory and antiviral therapy might be an effective, safer and more versatile treatment option for COVID-19. These data support testing of the efficacy of a combination of methylprednisolone and remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 in randomized controlled clinical trials.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Beneficial effect of combinational methylprednisolone and remdesivir in hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Yuan

Chan

et al. 2021

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…Another interesting point to discuss at the epidemiological level is the waning antibody level in asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Different studies have reported this decrease in the months following infection [36][37][38]. Most convalescent people who recover from COVID-19 do not have high levels of neutralizing activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Corsica (France), April and June 2020

Capai

Ayhan

Masse

et al. 2020

JCM

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Our aim was to assess the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection after the lockdown in a sample of the Corsican population. Between 16 April and 15 June 2020, 2312 residual sera were collected from patients with a blood analysis conducted in one of the participating laboratories. Residual sera obtained from persons of all ages were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) using the EUROIMMUN enzyme immunoassay kit for semiquantitative detection of IgG antibodies against the S1 domain of viral spike protein (ELISA-S). Borderline and positive samples in ELISA-S were also tested with an in-house virus neutralization test (VNT). Prevalence values were adjusted for sex and age. A total of 1973 residual sera samples were included in the study. The overall seroprevalence based on ELISA-S was 5.27% (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.33–6.35) and 5.46% (4.51–6.57) after adjustment. Sex was not associated with IgG detection. However, significant differences were observed between age groups (p-value = 1 E-5). The highest values were observed among 10–19, 30–39, and 40–49 year-old age groups, ranging around 8–10%. The prevalence of neutralizing antibody titers ≥40 was 3% (2.28–3.84). In conclusion, the present study showed a low seroprevalence for COVID-19 in Corsica, a finding that is in accordance with values reported for other French regions in which the impact of the pandemic was low.

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“…It is possible that an asymptomatic infection might result in weaker protection [28]. We assume that naturally and vaccine-induced immunity will be long lasting, but some studies suggest that it might last only a few months [29]. If immunity is short-lived, then the results would be valid only for that time frame.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing vaccine allocation for COVID-19 vaccines: potential role of single-dose vaccination

Matrajt

Eaton

Leung

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Most COVID-19 vaccines require two doses, and current vaccine prioritization guidelines for COVID-19 vaccines assume full-dose vaccine deployment. However in the context of limited vaccine supply and an expanding pandemic, policymakers are considering single-dose vaccination as an alternative strategy. Using a mathematical model combined with optimization algorithms, we determined the optimal allocation with one and two doses of vaccine to minimize five metrics of disease burden under various degrees of viral transmission. Under low transmission, we show that the optimal allocation of vaccine critically depends on the level of single-dose efficacy (SDE). If the SDE is high, single-dose vaccination is optimal, preventing up to 36% more deaths than a strategy prioritizing full-dose vaccination for older adults first. With low or moderate SDE, mixed vaccination campaigns with coverage of all older adults with one dose are optimal. However, with modest or high transmission, vaccinating older adults first with two doses is best, preventing up to 41% more deaths than a single-dose vaccination given across all populations. Further, we show that maintaining social distancing interventions and speedy deployment are key for effective vaccination campaigns. Our work suggests that it is imperative to determine the efficacy and durability of single-dose vaccines, as mixed or single-dose vaccination campaigns may have the potential to contain the pandemic much more quickly.

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Waning Antibody Responses in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cited by 131 publications

References 10 publications

Beneficial effect of combinational methylprednisolone and remdesivir in hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Beneficial effect of combinational methylprednisolone and remdesivir in hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Corsica (France), April and June 2020

Optimizing vaccine allocation for COVID-19 vaccines: potential role of single-dose vaccination

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