Waiting at the tap: changes in urban water use in East Africa over three decades

Thompson, John H.; Porras, Ina; Wood, Elisabeth Jean; Tumwine, James; Mujwahuzi, Mark R.; Katui-Katua, Munguti; Johnstone, Nick

doi:10.1630/095624700101285451

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…According to Zerah (2000), if a person consumes less than 25 litres of water daily, it is not possible to maintain basic hygienic practices. Thompson et al (2000) have also shown the connection between the quantity of water use and level of daily hygiene. Shortage of water deteriorates the quality of sanitary practices of women (Thara, 2017).…”

Section: Health Issuesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Nonetheless, the system of sanitation is still a massive threat to the people and the environment of the developing countries like India with its substantial demographic pressure. The booming urban population is exerting severe pressure on the existing overstretched infrastructure in the majority of the Indian cities (Thompson et al, 2000;Shaban and Sharma, 2007;Chaplin, 2011;Kumar, 2014). Over two decades ago, Kundu (1993) mentioned that the provision of housing and basic amenities to the urban poor is a big challenge for the developing world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sanitation and Hygiene of Darjeeling City: A Crisis for Women and Adolescent Girls

Koner¹

2018

SACI

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By the end of the Millennium Development Goal's target year, 2015, India had been declared as a country, which has made moderate progress in terms of improvement in basic sanitation provision for all. Yet open defecation is still a regular practice of a significant proportion of the population in both urban and rural areas. The Indian government has been trying to address this problem for the last three decades through different programmes. However, though the effort is laudable, in reality, the countrywide situation is not so praiseworthy. Lack of sanitation provisions affects people in different ways with different intensities along the lines of class, gender, age, disability, and marginality. In Darjeeling city, due to lack of proper sanitation facilities, a significant portion of the population uses public toilets, which are less in number compared to the demand. People face a variety of difficulties and hurdles in using public toilets, and as a result, continue to practice open defecation during the night and early morning. Among the users, women and adolescent girls suffer more than the others. Moreover, in this city, a significant portion of the population faces acute water crisis during the dry months. This empirical study tries to explore the different ways through which women and adolescent girls are affected by the lack of safe sanitation facilities within the house premises. The article also argues that lack of sanitation provision should be considered as a matter of violence against women and adolescent girls because the situation makes them vulnerable to the risk of being violated or sexually abused.

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Section: Health Issuesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanitation and Hygiene of Darjeeling City: A Crisis for Women and Adolescent Girls

Koner¹

2018

SACI

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“…8,9 One study in East Africa found a steep rise in the number of SWEs over a 30-year period beginning in 1967, with up to 60% of households in both low-and medium-income urban populations becoming reliant on SWEs as their primary water source by 1997. 10 Another study suggests that more people are served each day in developing cities by SWEs than public utilities. 6 SWEs have several characteristics that make them particularly suitable for delivering water to low-income, rural communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Water-Vending Kiosks and Hygiene Education on Household Drinking Water Quality in Rural Ghana

Opryszko¹,

Guo²,

MacDonald³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Innovative solutions are essential to improving global access to potable water for nearly 1 billion people. This study presents an independent investigation of one alternative by examining for-profit water-vending kiosks, WaterHealth Centers (WHCs), in rural Ghana to determine their association with household drinking water quality. WHCs' design includes surface water treatment using filtration and ultraviolet light disinfection along with communitybased hygiene education. Analyses of water samples for Escherichia coli and household surveys from 49 households across five villages collected one time per year for 3 years indicate that households using WHCs had improved water quality compared with households using untreated surface water (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 0.07, 95% confidence interval = 0.02, 0.21). However, only 38% of households used WHCs by the third year, and 60% of those households had E. coli in their water. Recontamination during water transport and storage is an obstacle to maintaining WHC-vended water quality.

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“…Thompson et al (2000) note the rising importance of water vendors in East Africa. Because supply to the mains is rationed (rationing is described below) or uncertain, most vendors have at least one storage tank, and some have 10 or more (made usually of rusty sheet steel).…”

Section: B Crow and E Odabamentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to water in a Nairobi slum: women's work and institutional learning

Crow

Odaba

2010

Water International

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Waiting at the tap: changes in urban water use in East Africa over three decades

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Sanitation and Hygiene of Darjeeling City: A Crisis for Women and Adolescent Girls

Sanitation and Hygiene of Darjeeling City: A Crisis for Women and Adolescent Girls

Impact of Water-Vending Kiosks and Hygiene Education on Household Drinking Water Quality in Rural Ghana

Access to water in a Nairobi slum: women's work and institutional learning

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