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doi:10.1001/archderm.128.5.702

Archives of Dermatology

1992

DOI: 10.1001/archderm.128.5.702

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Cited by 15 publications

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Increased expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 in dermal fibroblasts from alopecia areata mice

Kilani

Pakyari

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, which manifests as a sudden, non-scarring hair loss. The expression of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon-gamma (INF-γ), has been well established to be involved in the development of AA. As IFN-γ and other cytokines are also known to up-regulate programmed cell death ligand 1 and 2 (PD-L1 and PD-L2), which both negatively control immune responses, we asked whether or not a high number of infiltrated T cells, seen in AA lesions, can modulate the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in skin cells. From a series of experiments, we showed that a significantly higher number of PD-L1 or PD-L2 positive cells affect the skin in AA mice, compared to the skin of non-AA mice. The number of PD-L1 positive cells was well correlated with the number of infiltrated T cells, especially CD8 T cells. We also found that the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 was co-localized with type 1 pro-collagen, CD90 and vimentin, which are biomarkers for dermal fibroblasts. Further studies revealed that releasable factors from activated, but not inactivated, lymphocytes significantly increase the expressions of both PD-L1 and PD-L2 in cultured dermal fibroblasts. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in dermal fibroblasts is up-regulated by activated T cells in AA-affected skin, and as such, these regulatory molecules may not exert a negative control of the immune activation seen in AA lesions.

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Increased expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 in dermal fibroblasts from alopecia areata mice

Kilani

Pakyari

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Co-occurrence of celiac disease and other autoimmune diseases in celiacs and their first-degree relatives

Neuhausen

Steele

Ryan

et al. 2008

Journal of Autoimmunity

114

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The occurrence of other autoimmune diseases in celiac disease families has not been previously reported in a North American population. We investigated the familial aggregation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis/juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JRA/JIA), hypothyroidism, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and alopecia areata (AA) among individuals in families with celiac disease (CD). Family history information, obtained from questionnaires from the University of California Irvine Celiac Disease study, was reviewed for reports of RA, JRA/JIA, hypothyroidism, IDDM, and AA in celiac disease cases and their first-degree relatives. Reports of disease were compared with prevalence data from the literature and analyzed by calculating the standardized ratio (SR) with 95% confidence limits. We analyzed: 1) subjects with confirmed celiac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis (205 probands and 203 affected first-degree relatives) and 2) first-degree relatives of celiac disease cases (n=1,272). We found a significantly increased number of cases, relative to the expected number, of IDDM in both groups and hypothyroidism among subjects with celiac disease. JRA/JIA was increased among first-degree relatives of celiacs. These results indicate that the presence of IDDM within our celiac disease families may be due to shared genetic susceptibility predisposing to these diseases or autoimmune diseases in general.

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Differential diagnosis of hair loss in children

Mandt

Vogt

Blume‐Peytavi

2004

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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Hair loss in childhood covers a broad differential diagnosis and often presents the involved dermatologist and pediatrician with a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Correct classification of the hair disease, especially in the case of underlying genetic syndromes, metabolic defects or endocrine disorders, is often an important prerequisite for continued normal physical and mental development of the young patients. Dealing with hair loss in childhood, one should differentiate between congenital and acquired diseases. The clinical manifestation profile, the age of the patient when the initial manifestation occurred, and the presence of associated symptoms are important for the classification of the hair disease. In the present paper, a classification of hair loss in childhood based on clinical appearance, age of onset and associated symptoms is proposed as a guide for the evaluation of hair loss and alopecia in childhood.

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Cited by 15 publications

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Increased expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 in dermal fibroblasts from alopecia areata mice

Increased expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 in dermal fibroblasts from alopecia areata mice

Co-occurrence of celiac disease and other autoimmune diseases in celiacs and their first-degree relatives

Differential diagnosis of hair loss in children

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