Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Etiology, symptomatology and risk factors

Mtibaa, Latifa; Fakhfakh, Nizar; Kallel, Amani; Belhadj, S.; Salah, Nesrine Ben; Bada, N.; Kallel, K.

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.01.003

Cited by 65 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Figure 1 summarizes the distribution of Candida species isolated from vaginal swabs from population-based studies conducted in different countries including our study over the last decade. China, Brazil, Tunis, Kuwait, India, Greece and Turkey have reported that C.albicans remains the most commonly isolated yeast (60%-80%) in women diagnosed with VVC [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. On the other hand, an increasing trend in the occurrence of NCAC (58%-60%) over time has also been observed in Pakistan and Burkina Faso [28,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Causing Vaginal discharge Among Pregnant Women in Lebanon

Ghaddar

Anastasiadis

Halimeh

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Vaginal candidiasis is frequently prevalent in pregnant women and is associated with sepsis and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study determined the presence of Candida species in symptomatic pregnant women and evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated strains. It also aimed to explore whether Candida species predicts gestational complications and adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 258 pregnant women at 35 to 37 week of gestation participated in this study. Vaginal swabs from these patients were collected at various obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Lebanon for a period of 12 months. Candida isolates were identified at species level and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FCZ), amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ICZ) and voriconazole (VCZ) was determined by the agar-based E-test method. Results: Among 258 women tested, 100 (39%) were positive for Candida species. C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei were isolated from 42%, 41% and 17% of the women, respectively. C. albicans had significant positive associations with gestational diabetes while C. kreusi or C. glabrata had significant positive associations with gestational complications and vaginal discharge. The antifungal susceptibility tests of C. albicans isolates revealed 97.5%, 90%, 87.5% and 97.5% susceptibility to AMB, FCZ, ICZ and VCZ, respectively. Conclusion: The current study revealed high incidence of both C. albicans and non-C. albicans strains causing vulvovaginitis among pregnant women in Beirut, Lebanon. Whereas the susceptibility rates of C. albicans against AMB and VCZ were high, FCZ and ICZ proved comparatively less efficacious. The resistance profile of circulating C. albicans among pregnant women can predict the best outcome of appropriate prophylaxis or treatment of neonatal candidiasis. Vaginal candida colonization might lead to adverse neonatal outcome or gestational complications thus Candida screening as antennal follow up is advised.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Causing Vaginal discharge Among Pregnant Women in Lebanon

Ghaddar

Anastasiadis

Halimeh

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…compared to non-pregnant individuals. This association is influenced by elevated levels of circulating estrogens as well as accumulation of some substrates like glycogen in the vagina during pregnancy (23,24). This increased rate depends on the stage of pregnancy (the first, second, or third trimester of pregnancy), the level of glycogen, and the amount of bacterial microbiome, such as lactobacilli in the vaginal lumen that produce lactic acid and H 2 O 2 and provides significant protection against fungal infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Mycological Study of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC); Identification of Clinical Isolates by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Fragment Size Polymorphyim (PCR-FSP) Technique

Pouladian

Movahedi

Mohammadi

2017

Arch Clin Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a widespread and frequent infection affecting up to 70% of healthy women, and some of them affected by recurring resistant forms of the disease. The main risk factors are hormone replacement therapy, diabetes mellitus, antibiotic usage, pregnancy, oral-contraceptives, and insufficient therapy. Candida albicans is the most etiologic agent of Candida vaginitis capable of colonizing on the mucous membrane of genitourinary tracts of healthy humans. The aim of the present study is to identify Candida species obtained from patients with vulvovaginitis by molecular techniques. Methods: Between 2015 -2016, 108 suspected patients were evaluated for vulvovaginal candidiasis. Suspected patients were divided into 3 groups and each group took only 1 antifungal agent including clotrimazole, miconazole, and nystatin, respectively. Direct microscopic examination, culture, and fragment size polymorphism (FSP) technique were used for identification of clinical isolates Results: Of the 108 patients, 59 (54.6%) had both positive culture and direct microscopic examination. The duration of disease was between 3 to 365 days. Candida albicans was the most prevalent Candida species isolated from patients (74.5%) followed by Candida glabrata (17%). The correlation between the kind of antifungal agents and recovery of patients was not statistically significant (P value = 0.056). Conclusions: Resistance to various antifungal agents and emerging of non-albicans Candida species among clinical specimens are crucial affairs in the field of medical mycology. Since VVC is a prevalent and recurrent infection, controlling of predisposing factors, personal hygiene, and appropriate antifungal therapy are extremely recommended among vulnerable population.

show abstract

“…To compare the distribution of Candida species isolated from women genital tract in different countries, a Pubmed search was performed that included articles published in the last ten years [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Fifteen articles were selected and summarized in Figure 1.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Causing Vulvovaginitis Among Pregnant Women in Lebanon

Ghaddar

Anastasiadis

Halimeh

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Vaginal candidiasis is frequently prevalent in pregnant women and is associated with sepsis and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study determined the presence of Candida species in symptomatic pregnant women and evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated strains. It also aimed to explore whether Candida species predicts gestational complications and adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 258 pregnant women at 35 to 37 week of gestation participated in this study. Vaginal swabs from these patients were collected at various obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Lebanon for a period of 12 months. Candida isolates were identified at species level and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FCZ), amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ICZ) and voriconazole (VCZ) was determined by the agar-based E-test method. Results: Among 258 women tested, 100 (39%) were positive for Candida species. C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei were isolated from 42%, 41% and 17% of the women, respectively. C. albicans had significant positive associations with gestational diabetes while C. kreusi or C. glabrata had significant positive associations with gestational complications and vaginal discharge. The antifungal susceptibility tests of C. albicans isolates revealed 97.5%, 90%, 87.5% and 97.5% susceptibility to AMB, FCZ, ICZ and VCZ, respectively. . Conclusion: The current study revealed high incidence of both C. albicans and non-C. albicans strains causing vulvovaginitis among pregnant women in Beirut, Lebanon. Whereas the susceptibility rates of C. albicans against AMB and VCZ were high, FCZ and ICZ proved comparatively less efficacious. The resistance profile of circulating C. albicans among pregnant women can predict the best outcome of appropriate prophylaxis or treatment of neonatal candidiasis. Vaginal candida colonization might lead to adverse neonatal outcome or gestational complications thus Candida screening as antennal follow up is advised.

show abstract

Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Etiology, symptomatology and risk factors

Cited by 65 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Causing Vaginal discharge Among Pregnant Women in Lebanon

Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Causing Vaginal discharge Among Pregnant Women in Lebanon

Clinical and Mycological Study of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC); Identification of Clinical Isolates by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Fragment Size Polymorphyim (PCR-FSP) Technique

Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Causing Vulvovaginitis Among Pregnant Women in Lebanon

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About