“…12b. In addition to HIG, HLG and SU(2) VBs, many other multi-singularity VBs with special mathematical formulations were generated with different control methods, such as trochoidal VBs 95 , transverse-mode-locking vortex lattices 202,203 , and polygonal VBs 96 .Fig. 12Exotic SU(2) structured multi-singularity VBs.Theoretical and experimental investigations of special multi-singularity VBs: a trochoidal vortex modes 95 , b the vortex SU(2) GM 204 , and c polygonal VBs 96 .…”
Section: Progress In Vortex Generation Tuning and Manipulationmentioning
Thirty years ago, Coullet et al. proposed that a special optical field exists in laser cavities bearing some analogy with the superfluid vortex. Since then, optical vortices have been widely studied, inspired by the hydrodynamics sharing similar mathematics. Akin to a fluid vortex with a central flow singularity, an optical vortex beam has a phase singularity with a certain topological charge, giving rise to a hollow intensity distribution. Such a beam with helical phase fronts and orbital angular momentum reveals a subtle connection between macroscopic physical optics and microscopic quantum optics. These amazing properties provide a new understanding of a wide range of optical and physical phenomena, including twisting photons, spin–orbital interactions, Bose–Einstein condensates, etc., while the associated technologies for manipulating optical vortices have become increasingly tunable and flexible. Hitherto, owing to these salient properties and optical manipulation technologies, tunable vortex beams have engendered tremendous advanced applications such as optical tweezers, high-order quantum entanglement, and nonlinear optics. This article reviews the recent progress in tunable vortex technologies along with their advanced applications.
“…12b. In addition to HIG, HLG and SU(2) VBs, many other multi-singularity VBs with special mathematical formulations were generated with different control methods, such as trochoidal VBs 95 , transverse-mode-locking vortex lattices 202,203 , and polygonal VBs 96 .Fig. 12Exotic SU(2) structured multi-singularity VBs.Theoretical and experimental investigations of special multi-singularity VBs: a trochoidal vortex modes 95 , b the vortex SU(2) GM 204 , and c polygonal VBs 96 .…”
Section: Progress In Vortex Generation Tuning and Manipulationmentioning
Thirty years ago, Coullet et al. proposed that a special optical field exists in laser cavities bearing some analogy with the superfluid vortex. Since then, optical vortices have been widely studied, inspired by the hydrodynamics sharing similar mathematics. Akin to a fluid vortex with a central flow singularity, an optical vortex beam has a phase singularity with a certain topological charge, giving rise to a hollow intensity distribution. Such a beam with helical phase fronts and orbital angular momentum reveals a subtle connection between macroscopic physical optics and microscopic quantum optics. These amazing properties provide a new understanding of a wide range of optical and physical phenomena, including twisting photons, spin–orbital interactions, Bose–Einstein condensates, etc., while the associated technologies for manipulating optical vortices have become increasingly tunable and flexible. Hitherto, owing to these salient properties and optical manipulation technologies, tunable vortex beams have engendered tremendous advanced applications such as optical tweezers, high-order quantum entanglement, and nonlinear optics. This article reviews the recent progress in tunable vortex technologies along with their advanced applications.
“…When the cavity geometry satisfies the reentrant confinement of the coupled quantum harmonic oscillator in SU(2) Lie algebra [79], the frequency-degeneracy laser modes will be excited. Under this premise, we successfully explored vortex lattices with transverse-modelocking states [80], periodic-trajectory-controlled and wavelength-tunable SU(2) geometric modes [81] as well as polygonal vortex beams [82]. Not long ago, a new Yb:CALGO laser scheme was proposed by inserting two cylindrical lenses into the cavity to surprisingly obtain two-dimensional tunable high order HG modes as shown in Figure 3b [83].…”
Section: Mode-tunable Structured Light Lasers With Yb:calgomentioning
Yb:CaGdAlO4, or Yb:CALGO, a new laser crystal, has been attracting increasing attention recently in a myriad of laser technologies. This crystal features salient thermal, spectroscopic and mechanical properties, which enable highly efficient and safe generation of continuous-wave radiations and ultrafast pulses with ever short durations. More specifically, its remarkable thermal-optic property and its high conversion efficiency allow high-power operation. Its high nonlinear coefficient facilitates study of optimized mode locking lasers. Besides, its ultrabroad and flat-top emission band benefits the generation of complex structured light with outstanding tunability. In this paper, we review the recent advances in the study of Yb:CALGO, covering its physical properties as well as its growing applications in various fields and prospect for future development.
“…The other method is via the superposition of two or more special structured beams. For instances, the researchers have produced several connected OVAs via the superposition of the Ince–Gaussian (IG) beams, [ 30–32 ] Hermite–Gaussian beams, [ 33 ] 2D curve optical beams, [ 34 ] three or more plane waves, [ 35 ] Laguerre–Gaussianbeams, [ 36–39 ] Bessel beams, [ 40,41 ] perfect vortex beams, [ 42 ] elliptic perfect vortex beams, [ 43 ] and grafted OV beams. [ 21 ] The connected OVAs are verified to have potential applications in microparticle manipulation, particularly in ultracold atoms trapping.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 31 ] Moreover, OVAs with varying structures are generated in transverse‐mode‐locking state using a large‐aperture off‐axis‐pumped Yb:CALGO laser. [ 32 ] However, the experiment setup of the above production method is complex and difficult to freely modulate. Furthermore, the circular structure of the OVAs generated by the superposition of IG beams has yet to be reported.…”
Herein, the generation of an optical vortex array dubbed the flower‐shaped optical vortex array (FOVA) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using a single optical path interference method. FOVA is generated by the superposition of even and odd Ince–Gaussian (IG) beams, which have the same degree m and different order p. The number of optical vortices (OVs) in the FOVA is determined based on the values of order p and degree m of the even and odd IG beams. Furthermore, the positive sign of the OVs in the array can be transformed to negative by adding a specific initial phase difference. The OVs vanish and then recover as the initial phase difference increases from 0 to 2π. Moreover, the gradient force and energy flow distribution of the FOVA are studied. The OVA with flower‐shaped structure generated herein has potential significance in applications, such as microparticle manipulation and optical measurements.
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