Voluntary weight loss: systematic review of early phase body composition changes

Heymsfield, Steven B.; Thomas, Diana M.; Nguyen, Alison Martin; Peng, Joanna; Martin, Corby K.; Shen, Wei; Strauss, Boyd Josef Gimnicher; Bosy‐Westphal, Anja; Müller, Manfred J.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00767.x

Cited by 81 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In particular, each gram of protein in the organ mass was accompanied by 1.6–3.35 g of water and therefore contributed to daily changes in FFM (Heymsfield et al. 2011). It is important to note that FFM is composed of approximately 70–75% of total body water, that is, the hydration factor (Wang et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geddes and colleagues in their early studies analyzed liver glycogen molecule size in vitro and showed that the each gram of glycogen had 1.5–2.7 g of water attached to it (Heymsfield et al. 2011). Similarly, each gram of glycogen is stored in human muscle with 3 grams of water (Fernandez‐Elias et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For studies shorter than 8‐weeks, the composition and hence energy density per kg of weight loss varies as a function of duration of the energy restriction (Heymsfield et al. 2011, 2014). For example, at 4 weeks a larger percentage of the weight lost is FFM such that the composition of weight loss is about 45% FM and 55% FFM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1992), the energy density of the 4‐week changes in weight in these studies are much lower than would be estimated using the more commonly cited ratio of 75% FM and 25% FFM (Heymsfield et al. 2011; Varady 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition of two-week change in body weight under unrestricted free-living conditions

et al. 2017

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The composition of weight change has a large impact on energy balance calculations. Composition of long‐term weight change interventions is well‐documented, but information on short‐term weight change under unrestricted free‐living conditions is limited. The composition and energy density of the changes in body weight during 2‐week free‐living conditions were analyzed in adults from two cohorts: cohort 1 (n = 24) included participants from the reproducibility subset of the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition study; cohort 2 (n = 22) included participants who were studied under free‐living conditions in an ongoing study in the Chicago area. Change in body weight, total body water (TBW) by stable isotope dilution (cohort 1), and fat mass (FM) and fat‐free mass (FFM) by serial DXA (cohort 2) were measured. To determine the fractional composition of the change in body weight we analyzed the linear associations between changes in body weight and changes in body composition. In the combined dataset, the average change in body weight (0.26 ± 1.2 kg) was consistent with being in energy balance. Average change in body weight was associated with the change in TBW (P < 0.0001) in cohort 1 and the change in FFM (P = 0.0002) in cohort 2. A unit change in body weight was composed of 84% change in FFM in the combined dataset indicating that 2‐week fluctuation in body weight is largely composed of FFM. The energy density of 1–3 kg short‐term changes in body weight averaged 2380 kcal/kg.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition of two-week change in body weight under unrestricted free-living conditions

et al. 2017

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“…A adoção de dietas saudáveis pode ter relação com a prática de atividade física, visto haver relação entre estado nutricional e atividade física vinculada à execução de tarefas da vida diária e de práticas de caminhadas, esporte e lazer ativo 12,13 .…”

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Consumo alimentar, estado nutricional e nível de atividade física em comunidade universitária brasileira

et al. 2012

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OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade e a frequência do consumo alimentar, o estado nutricional e o nível de atividade física em uma comunidade universitária brasileira. MÉTODOS: A amostra constitui-se de 303 voluntários (130 homens e 173 mulheres) pertencentes à comunidade universitária do interior de São Paulo e avaliada por meio da disponibilização pela Internet do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar do International Physical Activity Questionaire e por meio da coleta da descrição autorreferida do peso e da altura. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, análise de frequência alimentar e teste do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: Foram observados inadequação dos hábitos alimentares, sobrepeso e obesidade na amostra estudada. As correlações entre os grupos alimentares apresentaram valores de magnitude maiores no grupo de mulheres que se alimentam de forma mais adequada do que os homens, mas não foram observadas diferenças entre os sexos no nível de atividade física. Não houve correlação significativa entre grupos de alimentos consumidos, índice de massa corporal e nível de atividade física em ambos os sexos. CONCLUSÃO: A comunidade universitária estudada apresentou baixo consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras, bem como consumo insuficiente de alimentos do grupo de cereais e leguminosas.

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Effect of Sleep Extension on Objectively Assessed Energy Intake Among Adults With Overweight in Real-life Settings

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCE Short sleep duration has been recognized as a risk factor for obesity. Whether extending sleep duration may mitigate this risk remains unknown.OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of a sleep extension intervention on objectively assessed energy intake, energy expenditure, and body weight in real-life settings among adults with overweight who habitually curtailed their sleep duration. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis single-center, randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 1, 2014, to October 30, 2020. Participants were adults aged 21 to 40 years with a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) between 25.0 and 29.9 and had habitual sleep duration of less than 6.5 hours per night. Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle.INTERVENTIONS After a 2-week habitual sleep period at baseline, participants were randomized to either an individualized sleep hygiene counseling session that was intended to extend their bedtime to 8.5 hours (sleep extension group) or to continue their habitual sleep (control group). All participants were instructed to continue daily routine activities at home without any prescribed diet or physical activity. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was change in energy intake from baseline, which was objectively assessed as the sum of total energy expenditure and change in body energy stores. Total energy expenditure was measured by the doubly labeled water method. Change in body energy stores was computed using regression of daily home weights and body composition changes from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Sleep duration was monitored by actigraphy. Changes from baseline were compared between the 2 groups using intention-to-treat analysis.RESULTS Data from 80 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 29.8 [5.1] years; 41 men [51.3%]) were analyzed. Sleep duration was increased by approximately 1.2 hours per night (95% CI, 1.0 to 1.4 hours; P < .001) in the sleep extension group vs the control group. The sleep extension group had a significant decrease in energy intake compared with the control group (−270 kcal/d; 95% CI, −393 to −147 kcal/d; P < .001). The change in sleep duration was inversely correlated with the change in energy intake (r = −0.41; 95% CI, −0.59 to −0.20; P < .001). No significant treatment effect in total energy expenditure was found, resulting in weight reduction in the sleep extension group vs the control group.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This trial found that sleep extension reduced energy intake and resulted in a negative energy balance in real-life settings among adults with overweight who habitually curtailed their sleep duration. Improving and maintaining healthy sleep duration over longer periods could be part of obesity prevention and weight loss programs.

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Voluntary weight loss: systematic review of early phase body composition changes

Cited by 81 publications

References 57 publications

Composition of two-week change in body weight under unrestricted free-living conditions

Composition of two-week change in body weight under unrestricted free-living conditions

Consumo alimentar, estado nutricional e nível de atividade física em comunidade universitária brasileira

Effect of Sleep Extension on Objectively Assessed Energy Intake Among Adults With Overweight in Real-life Settings

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