Voluntary finger movement in man: Cerebral potentials and theory

Deecke, Lüder; Grözinger, B.; Kornhuber, H. H.

doi:10.1007/bf00336013

Cited by 724 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Conversely, movements by the left hand caused an increase of SPs in C4. These results were consistent with earlier studies [10,21]. Qualitatively the same and quantitatively similar effects of the side of the hand were present when subjects internally simulated the motor sequence.…”

Section: Eeg-studiessupporting

confidence: 92%

Electric and magnetic fields of the brain accompanying internal simulation of movement

Lang¹,

Cheyne

Höllinger³

et al. 1996

Cognitive Brain Research

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Methods of functional brain imaging have been used to identify brain structures which are active during internal simulation of movements (ISM). Between 1977 and 1993 it was consistently reported that the primary motor cortex (MI) is not active during ISM whereas other cortical areas, in particular the supplementary motor area (SMA) are active. ISM was assumed to be a situation of 'internal programming'. Brain systems involved in ISM or 'programming' were hypothesized to be superior to and separable from 'executive system' including MI. We have studied electric and magnetic fields of the brain when subjects internally simulated either a single movement or a sequence of movements. Results of the studies are consistent with the assumption that MI is active with ISM. Internally subjects experienced effort which was required to inhibit overt movements during ISM. A recent EEG study showed different patterns of cortical activity with ISM and with movement inhibition suggesting that different brain structures may be active during ISM and movement inhibition [23].

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Section: Eeg-studiessupporting

confidence: 92%

Electric and magnetic fields of the brain accompanying internal simulation of movement

Lang¹,

Cheyne

Höllinger³

et al. 1996

Cognitive Brain Research

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“…The results mirror previous findings concerning the neural correlates of motor preparation of unilateral, voluntary, self-paced finger movements, both in terms of single traces [26], and scalp topographies [27]. Indeed, we showed a classical BP starting approximately 1.4 s before EMG-onset for the right finger, and two seconds before EMG for the left finger.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Motor Commands of Facial Expressions: The Bereitschaftspotential of Posed Smiles

2008

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Electroencephalographic (EEG) premotor potentials with negative polarity like the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) are known to precede self-paced voluntary movements of the limbs and other body parts. This is however the first report of such premotor potentials before posed smiles. Scalp EEG was recorded in 16 healthy participants performing self-paced unilateral and bilateral smiles and unilateral finger movements. Amplitudes over six central electrodes and voltage distributions over the entire scalp were compared across conditions at time of EMG-onset, thus focusing on the late BP. Results show the presence of a premotor potential before posed smiles with a later onset, symmetrical bilateral distribution, and smaller amplitude at time of movement-onset, compared to finger movements. Future studies should investigate the BP before various types of emotional and non-emotional facial expressions.

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“…Kornhuber and Deecke were the first to find that slow negative shifts of the cortical DC potential (Bereitschaftspotential, BP, or readiness potential) can be recorded long before the execution of motor tasks [12,13,29]. The BP, viewed as reflecting preparatory set and intention to act by these authors, has its maximum and earliest onset in fronto-central midline leads overlying the SMA and adjacent areas.…”

Section: Relation To Motor Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex

Tanji

Mushiake

1996

Cognitive Brain Research

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Neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (MI) have been compared in many experiments during performance of many different motor tasks. On one hand, the activity in both areas may appear similar, especially when the motor task is simple. On the other hand, if the motor tasks are more demanding, neuronal activity in the SMA exhibits a variety of complex relationship to many different aspects of motor behavior, while the activity in MI is mostly related to execution of motor task itself. Of particular interest is the neuronal activity in the SMA during preparation and execution of motor tasks when no external cues for the retrieval of appropriate motor act is available. Temporal sequencing of multiple movements is a typical example of the kind of motor task that requires profound activity in the SMA.Keywords: Supplementary motor area (SMA); Primary motor cortex (MI); Pre-SMA; Motor preparation; Motor sequence; Subhuman primate New concepts of motor areas in the medial frontal cortexUntil recently, only one motor representation area was known to exist in the medial part of the frontal lobe, as described in classical reports [55,80]. However, it is now proposed that at least four somatomotor fields and one oculomotor field exist in the medial frontal cortex. [65]. Traditionally, the supplementary motor area (SMA) has been defined as a single motor area in the frontal agranular cortex, corresponding to medial part of Brodmann's area 6. However, some indications for possible existence of heterogeneity in this region has been obtained [2,15,25,42]. On the basis of cytoarchitectonic analysis combined with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry and detailed ICMS studies, Rizzolatti and coworkers proposed a view that two motor areas exist in the region of the cortex traditionally defined as the SMA [41,44]. They termed the rostral and caudal areas as F6 and F3, largely corresponding to 6ab and 6aa of Vogts [78]. They also reported the existence of neuronal activity characteristic in mesial 6ab, namely, the activity during arm reaching-grasping movements [57]. Systematic attempts were made in our laboratory to determine whether it is possible to define two different areas unequivocally by a battery of physiological tests [45]. By implanting electrodes into the forelimb area of the MI, we found that field and unitary responses to electrical stimulation were distinct in the caudal part of mesial area 6, but not in the rostral part. The caudal part was distinctly more microexcitable by the ICMS than the rostral part. Neuronal responses to visual stimuli prevailed in the rostral part, but somatosensory responses were rare. The opposite was true in the caudal part [24,79]. Furthermore, single-unit activity during performance of a trained motor task was quantitatively analyzed and compared in the same individuals. Phasic responses to visual cue signals indicating the direction of forthcoming arm-reaching movement were more abundant in the rostral part. Neuronal activity changes during th...

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Voluntary finger movement in man: Cerebral potentials and theory

Cited by 724 publications

References 72 publications

Electric and magnetic fields of the brain accompanying internal simulation of movement

Electric and magnetic fields of the brain accompanying internal simulation of movement

Motor Commands of Facial Expressions: The Bereitschaftspotential of Posed Smiles

Comparison of neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex

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