Voltage behaviour in radial distribution systems under the uncertainties of photovoltaic systems and electric vehicle charging loads

Abstract

Summary This paper presents a probabilistic method that accurately verifies the fulfilment of voltage constraints in radial distribution systems (RDSs) with photovoltaic (PV) systems and electric vehicle (EV) charging loads. This problem has not been comprehensively discussed. The proposed probabilistic method (PPM) involves the calculation of input variable cumulants, the linearization of load‐flow equations, and the application of the cumulant method and the Cornish‐Fisher expansion. Obviously, it is first necessary to model the PV systems and EV charging loads as random variables. In addition, the correlation of the input variables is suitably handled. As part of this research, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed, which confirmed the accuracy of the results obtained with the PPM. As an added value, when compared to the Monte Carlo simulation, there was a significant reduction in computational cost. The results obtained by the PPM demonstrate that the connection of PV systems in the IEEE 33‐node RDS with EVs clearly contributes to keeping voltages within regulatory limits, once the distributions of the RDS output variables are inspected. Nonetheless, the greater dispersion in the distributions in combined PV and EV scenarios means that voltage constraint fulfilment cannot be absolutely guaranteed. This probabilistic approach provides a more accurate assessment than one based on a simple deterministic vision. Thus, the PPM is extremely useful because it provides a better understanding of the combined technical impact under different correlated and uncorrelated scenarios.

Energy Loss Allocation in Smart Distribution Systems with Electric Vehicle Integration

“…There are other type studies, e.g., hosting capacity [31], where realistic operation schemes is addressed using Monte Carlo simulations with stochastic EV demands [32][33][34][35][36]. Thus, this work does not intend to replicate the probabilistic behavior of EV connection in a given period.…”

Fast screening approach to estimate the hosting capacity of rooftop PV generators in electric power distribution systems

“…In some cases, this rise violates respective regulatory limits, causing problems to utilities and customers alike . Comprehensive studies of the technical impacts of PV generators in distribution systems can be found in previous studies …”

“…11 Comprehensive studies of the technical impacts of PV generators in distribution systems can be found in previous studies. [12][13][14] In fact, voltage rise is one of the most restrictive technical impacts resulting from the large-scale connection of distributed generators to electric power distribution systems. 11 Therefore, repetitive power flow calculations can be used for connection assessment.…”

Coordinated effect of PHEVs with DGs on distribution network

“…The effect of electric vehicle on voltage profile under different situation is also studied in the literature. () Other impacts such as voltage profile, energy losses, transformer aging, and power quality are also studied in previous studies. ()…”

“…The effect of electric vehicle on voltage profile under different situation is also studied in the literature. [9][10][11][12][13] Other impacts such as voltage profile, energy losses, transformer aging, and power quality are also studied in previous studies. [14][15][16] There are few studies on the effect of electric vehicles in the presence of Distributed Generation (DG).…”