Volatile organic compounds as potential biomarkers of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review

Zhang, Valencia Ru‐Yan; Ramachandran, Gokula Krishnan; Loo, Evelyn Xiu Ling; Soh, Alex Yu Sen; Yong, Wei Peng; Siah, Kewin Tien Ho

doi:10.1111/nmo.14536

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…IBS has been described as one type of FABD, along with functional dyspepsia, abdominal migraines and functional abdominal pain not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS), also termed disorders of gut–brain interactions (DGBIs) [3,4 ▪ ,5 ▪ ]. IBS is the most common type of FADPs [6 ▪ ]. According to the Rome IV Pediatric Committee, IBS must include the following for at least 2 months prior to diagnosis: abdominal pain for at least 4 days out of a month associated with either defecation, a change in frequency of stools or appearance of stool; pain that is not relieved by defecation; and symptoms that cannot be explained by another condition after thorough evaluation.…”

Section: Defining Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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What is new with irritable bowel syndrome

Kamal,

Morneault-Gill,

Chadwick

2023

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of review This review aims to summarize the most up-to-date criteria for diagnosis of pediatric irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and treatment options. It also explores recent research that has been performed evaluating risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment designed to improve quality of life for those who suffer from IBS. IBS is a common disorder in pediatrics and one of the most common causes of abdominal pain for children; thus, it can be quite debilitating for individuals to achieve a satisfactory quality of life on a routine basis. Reliable, available treatment is needed but can be challenging to find, given the variety of symptoms and triggers involved and lack of a clear understanding of how IBS develops. Recent findings There are multiple pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options being explored and studied globally but further, larger, and well controlled studies are needed to confirm these outcomes. Summary Because pediatric IBS is one of the most common functional disorders associated with abdominal pain and can be brought on by multiple factors, management often involves addressing these individual triggers with a multifaceted treatment plan, which could include dietary changes, probiotics, medication, or psychotherapy and should be tailored to each affected individual.

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Section: Defining Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although not fully understood, IBS is thought to be because of multiple factors including abnormalities in gastrointestinal motility as well as visceral hypersensitivity, genetic predisposition, intestinal dysbacteriosis and increased intestinal permeability [4 ▪ –7 ▪ ,8,9 ▪ ].…”

Section: Potential Causes and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is new with irritable bowel syndrome

Kamal,

Morneault-Gill,

Chadwick

2023

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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“…In addition, medium and long-chain fatty acids, amino acids derivatives, etc., are also included as volatile metabolites. For most volatile metabolites, specific biological effects have not yet been observed, but according to the obtained data, the ratio of the components of the volatile metabolome in the samples is associated with the development stage of intestine inflammation [ 6 , 7 ]. Analysis of faecal volatile organic metabolites can provide an understanding of gut metabolomic changes in IBD and has the potential to provide a non-invasive means of diagnosing IBD, contributing to differentiate between UC and CD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-MS with Headspace Extraction for Non-Invasive Diagnostics of IBD Dynamics in a Model of DSS-Induced Colitis in Rats

Shagaleeva,

Kashatnikova,

Kardonsky

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Inflammatory bowel diseases are extremely common throughout the world. However, in most cases, it is asymptomatic at the initial stage. Therefore, it is important to develop non-invasive diagnostic methods that allow identification of the IBD risks in a timely manner. It is well known that gastrointestinal microbiota secrete volatile compounds (VOCs) and their composition may change in IBD. We propose a non-invasive method to identify the dynamics of IBD development in the acute and remission stage at the level of VOCs in model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) with chemically induced colitis measured by headspace GC/MS (HS GC/MS). Methods: VOCs profile was identified using a headspace GC/MS (HS GC/MS). GC/MS data were processed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 software. The disease activity index (DAI) and histological method were used to assess intestinal inflammation. The peak of intestinal inflammation activity was reached on day 7, according to the disease activity index. Histological examination data showed changes in the intestine due to different stages of inflammation. As the acute inflammation stage was reached, the metabolomic profile also underwent changes, especially at the short-fatty acids level. A higher relative amounts of acetic acid (p value < 0.025) and lower relative amounts of propanoic acid (p value < 0.0005), butanoic acid (p value < 0.005) and phenol 4-methyl- (p value = 0.053) were observed in DSS7 group on day 7 compared to the control group. In remission stage, disease activity indexes decreased, and the histological picture also improved. But metabolome changes continued despite the withdrawal of the DSS examination. A lower relative amounts of propanoic acid (p value < 0.025), butanoic acid (p value < 0.0005), pentanoic acid (p value < 0.0005), and a significant de-crease of hexanoic acid (p value < 0.0005) relative amounts were observed in the DSS14 group compared to the control group on day 14. A model of DSS-induced colitis in rats was successfully implemented for metabolomic assessment of different stages of inflammation. We demonstrated that the ratios of volatile compounds change in response to DSS before the appearance of standard signs of inflammation, determined by DAI and histological examination. Changes in the volatile metabolome persisted even after visual intestine repair and it confirms the high sensitivity of the microbiota to the damaging effects of DSS. The use of HS GC/MS may be an important addition to existing methods for assessing inflammation at early stages.

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“…Certain compounds exhibit significant variation based on pathophysiological processes and metabolic distinctions, potentially serving as non-invasive biomarkers of specific states of health or disease [16,17]. Studies have demonstrated alterations in VOCs in various conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome [18,19]. However, alterations in VOCs in the setting of SBS are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Alterations of Volatile Organic Compounds and Bile Acids as Biomarkers of Microbial Shifts in a Murine Model of Short Bowel Syndrome

Wolfschluckner,

Obermüller,

Horvath

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare condition characterized by a massive loss of the small intestine, leading to the inability to meet nutritional requirements without the use of parenteral or enteral supplementation. SBS causes profound alterations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome. The aim of this study was a detailed assessment of the intestinal microbiome and metabolome in a murine model of SBS. We performed a 60% proximal small bowel resection versus a sham operation in C57BL/6 mice. Four weeks postoperatively, the microbial communities of different intestinal segments (jejunum, ileum, colon) and stool were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bile acids in serum and stool and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the fecal headspace were assessed using LC-MS and GC-MS techniques. The α-diversity of the different intestinal segments did not significantly differ between the two groups. β-diversity significantly differed between sham and SBS mice. While in the jejunum, Faecalibaculum was significantly increased in SBS animals, a significant reduction in Lactobacillus and Sporosarcina was detected in the ileum of SBS mice. In the colon of SBS mice, a significant decrease in Ruminococcaceae and a significant increase in Proteobacteria such as Faecalibaculum and Escherichia-Shigella were found. Serum levels of deoxycholic, taurocholic and taurochenodeoxycholic acids were significantly higher in the SBS group. Of the 29 VOCs tested, hexane, isoflurane and pentane were significantly higher in the SBS group, and pyrrole was significantly lower. We were able to show that SBS causes shifts in the murine intestinal microbiome and metabolome including serum BAs and fecal VOCs.

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Volatile organic compounds as potential biomarkers of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

What is new with irritable bowel syndrome

What is new with irritable bowel syndrome

GC-MS with Headspace Extraction for Non-Invasive Diagnostics of IBD Dynamics in a Model of DSS-Induced Colitis in Rats

Metabolomic Alterations of Volatile Organic Compounds and Bile Acids as Biomarkers of Microbial Shifts in a Murine Model of Short Bowel Syndrome

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